Turkey: Education spending, percent of GDP

* indicates monthly or quarterly data series
 Turkey

Public spending on education, percent of GDP

 Latest value 2.85
 Year 2021
 Measure percent
 Data availability 1978 - 2021
 Average 3.28
 Min - Max 0.00 - 4.63
 Source UNESCO
The latest value from 2021 is 2.85 percent, a decline from 4.01 percent in 2020. In comparison, the world average is 4.42 percent, based on data from 141 countries. Historically, the average for Turkey from 1978 to 2021 is 3.28 percent. The minimum value, 0 percent, was reached in 1998 while the maximum of 4.63 percent was recorded in 2016. See the global rankings for that indicator or use the country comparator to compare trends over time.
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* indicates monthly or quarterly data series


Recent data
Turkey - Education spending, percent of GDP - Recent values chart

Historical series
Turkey - Education spending, percent of GDP - historical chart - 1978-2021




Definition: General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.

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 Related indicators Latest Reference Measure
 Education spending, percent of GDP 2.85 2021 percent
 Education spending, percent of government spending 8.81 2021 percent
 Literacy rate 96.74 2019 percent
 Female literacy rate, ages 15-24 99.85 2019 percent
 Male literacy rate, ages 15-24 99.96 2019 percent
 Youth literacy rate, ages 15-24 99.91 2019 percent
 Student teacher ratio, primary school 16.98 2017 students per teacher
 Primary school completion rate 103.44 2021 percent
 School starting age, primary school 6 2022 years
 Female to male ratio, primary school pupils 0.99 2020 percent
 Female to male ratio, secondary school students 0.97 2020 percent
 Female to male ratio, students at tertiary level education 1.02 2021 percent
 Preprimary school enrollment 39.75 2020 percent
 Primary school enrollment 102.60 2021 percent
 Secondary school enrollment 114.15 2021 percent
 Tertiary school enrollment 125.76 2021 percent
 PISA math scores 453.152 2022 index points
 PISA reading scores 456.084 2022 index points
 PISA science scores 475.938 2022 index points
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