* indicates monthly or quarterly data series

Legislative constraints on executive, 2023:

The average for 2023 based on 166 countries was 0.571 index points. The highest value was in Sweden: 0.99 index points and the lowest value was in Nicaragua: 0.03 index points. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Measure: index points; Source: Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem)
Select indicator
* indicates monthly or quarterly data series


Countries Legislative constraints on executive, 2023 Global rank Available data
Sweden 0.99 1 1960 - 2023
Chile 0.983 2 1960 - 2023
Germany 0.98 3 1960 - 2023
Norway 0.978 4 1960 - 2023
Denmark 0.968 5 1960 - 2023
Netherlands 0.968 6 1960 - 2023
Finland 0.965 7 1960 - 2023
Lithuania 0.957 8 1990 - 2023
Czechia 0.954 9 1960 - 2023
Estonia 0.95 10 1990 - 2023
Italy 0.948 11 1960 - 2023
France 0.947 12 1960 - 2023
Bulgaria 0.944 13 1960 - 2023
UK 0.943 14 1960 - 2023
Australia 0.939 15 1960 - 2023
Switzerland 0.936 16 1960 - 2023
Brazil 0.935 17 1960 - 2023
Israel 0.926 18 1960 - 2023
Austria 0.924 19 1960 - 2023
USA 0.921 20 1960 - 2023
New Zealand 0.918 21 1960 - 2023
Slovakia 0.918 22 1993 - 2023
Luxembourg 0.908 23 1960 - 2023
Slovenia 0.908 24 1989 - 2023
Ghana 0.899 25 1960 - 2023
Belgium 0.892 26 1960 - 2023
Japan 0.89 27 1960 - 2023
Ireland 0.886 28 1960 - 2023
Uruguay 0.885 29 1960 - 2023
Malawi 0.876 30 1960 - 2023
Kuwait 0.875 31 1960 - 2023
S.T.&Principe 0.872 32 1973 - 2023
Kenya 0.869 33 1960 - 2023
South Africa 0.867 34 1960 - 2023
Vanuatu 0.866 35 1976 - 2023
Latvia 0.854 36 1990 - 2023
South Korea 0.854 37 1960 - 2023
Canada 0.853 38 1960 - 2023
Croatia 0.853 39 1991 - 2023
Peru 0.847 40 1960 - 2023
Cape Verde 0.842 41 1960 - 2023
Tr.&Tobago 0.842 42 1960 - 2023
Portugal 0.835 43 1960 - 2023
Taiwan 0.834 44 1960 - 2023
Bhutan 0.819 45 1960 - 2023
Moldova 0.818 46 1990 - 2023
Thailand 0.818 47 1960 - 2023
Colombia 0.816 48 1960 - 2023
Poland 0.814 49 1960 - 2023
Argentina 0.809 50 1960 - 2023
Spain 0.809 51 1960 - 2023
Tanzania 0.803 52 1960 - 2023
Jamaica 0.8 53 1960 - 2023
Ecuador 0.798 54 1960 - 2023
Seychelles 0.793 55 1960 - 2023
Iceland 0.788 56 1960 - 2023
Papua N.G. 0.787 57 1960 - 2023
Suriname 0.786 58 1960 - 2023
Panama 0.775 59 1960 - 2023
Georgia 0.759 60 1990 - 2023
Cyprus 0.757 61 1960 - 2023
Jordan 0.755 62 1960 - 2023
Zambia 0.738 63 1960 - 2023
Somalia 0.733 64 1960 - 2023
Nigeria 0.726 65 1960 - 2023
Senegal 0.726 66 1960 - 2023
Fiji 0.724 67 1960 - 2023
Nepal 0.721 68 1960 - 2023
Barbados 0.719 69 1960 - 2023
Maldives 0.718 70 1960 - 2023
Lesotho 0.717 71 1960 - 2023
Sierra Leone 0.712 72 1960 - 2023
Namibia 0.711 73 1960 - 2023
Albania 0.71 74 1960 - 2023
Montenegro 0.701 75 1999 - 2023
Mongolia 0.7 76 1960 - 2023
Malta 0.694 77 1963 - 2023
Morocco 0.693 78 1960 - 2023
Mauritius 0.683 79 1960 - 2023
Niger 0.675 80 1960 - 2023
Gambia 0.668 81 1960 - 2023
Botswana 0.659 82 1961 - 2023
Uganda 0.659 83 1960 - 2023
Paraguay 0.652 84 1960 - 2023
Solomon Isl. 0.641 85 1960 - 2023
Iraq 0.626 86 1980 - 2023
G.-Bissau 0.615 87 1972 - 2023
North Macedonia 0.605 88 1991 - 2023
India 0.602 89 1960 - 2023
Romania 0.6 90 1960 - 2023
Zimbabwe 0.596 91 1960 - 2023
Ukraine 0.595 92 1990 - 2023
Greece 0.592 93 1960 - 2023
Sri Lanka 0.581 94 1960 - 2023
Tunisia 0.578 95 1960 - 2023
Philippines 0.565 96 1960 - 2023
Indonesia 0.562 97 1960 - 2023
Singapore 0.554 98 1960 - 2023
Armenia 0.553 99 1990 - 2023
Lebanon 0.545 100 1960 - 2023
Liberia 0.541 101 1960 - 2023
Honduras 0.525 102 1960 - 2023
Vietnam 0.513 103 1960 - 2023
Hungary 0.509 104 1960 - 2023
Malaysia 0.507 105 1960 - 2023
Pakistan 0.498 106 1962 - 2023
Guatemala 0.489 107 1960 - 2023
Bolivia 0.485 108 1960 - 2023
Bosnia & Herz. 0.465 109 1992 - 2023
Libya 0.46 110 1960 - 2023
Togo 0.421 111 1960 - 2023
Swaziland 0.391 112 1964 - 2023
Serbia 0.38 113 1960 - 2023
Mozambique 0.375 114 1960 - 2023
Mexico 0.363 115 1960 - 2023
Benin 0.355 116 1960 - 2023
R. of Congo 0.347 117 1960 - 2023
Rwanda 0.336 118 1961 - 2023
Laos 0.333 119 1960 - 2023
Mauritania 0.329 120 1960 - 2023
Madagascar 0.325 121 1960 - 2023
Kyrgyzstan 0.313 122 1990 - 2023
Burkina Faso 0.306 123 1960 - 2023
Iran 0.303 124 1960 - 2023
Oman 0.291 125 1979 - 2023
Kazakhstan 0.289 126 1990 - 2023
DR Congo 0.252 127 1960 - 2023
Syria 0.249 128 1960 - 2023
Guinea 0.246 129 1960 - 2023
Guyana 0.24 130 1960 - 2023
Ivory Coast 0.239 131 1960 - 2023
Angola 0.23 132 1973 - 2023
Algeria 0.219 133 1960 - 2023
Domin. Rep. 0.212 134 1960 - 2023
Cameroon 0.206 135 1961 - 2023
Egypt 0.184 136 1960 - 2023
Turkey 0.172 137 1960 - 2023
C.A. Republic 0.171 138 1960 - 2023
Gabon 0.166 139 1960 - 2023
Djibouti 0.149 140 1960 - 2023
Eq. Guinea 0.144 141 1960 - 2023
Bangladesh 0.142 142 1971 - 2023
UA Emirates 0.139 143 1971 - 2023
Burundi 0.119 144 1960 - 2023
Chad 0.112 145 1960 - 2023
El Salvador 0.107 146 1960 - 2023
China 0.106 147 1960 - 2023
Comoros 0.106 148 1960 - 2023
Mali 0.096 149 1960 - 2023
North Korea 0.094 150 1960 - 2023
Hong Kong 0.093 151 1960 - 2023
Yemen 0.093 152 1960 - 2023
Ethiopia 0.091 153 1960 - 2023
Cuba 0.09 154 1960 - 2023
Bahrain 0.089 155 1973 - 2023
Tajikistan 0.089 156 1990 - 2023
Azerbaijan 0.084 157 1990 - 2023
Turkmenistan 0.073 158 1990 - 2023
Uzbekistan 0.07 159 1990 - 2023
Cambodia 0.066 160 1960 - 2023
Russia 0.061 161 1960 - 2023
Venezuela 0.06 162 1960 - 2023
Saudi Arabia 0.05 163 1960 - 2023
Qatar 0.046 164 1960 - 2023
Belarus 0.031 165 1990 - 2023
Nicaragua 0.03 166 1960 - 2023



Definition: The extent to which legislature and government agencies (for example, comptroller general, general prosecutor, or ombudsman) are capable of questioning, investigating, and exercising oversight over the executive.

Selected articles from our guide:

The unholy trinity of international finance

Most commonly used measures of corruption

All articles

0.990
0.983
0.980
0.978
0.968
0.968
0.965
0.957
0.954
0.950
0.948
0.947
0.944
0.943
0.939
0.936
0.935
0.926
0.924
0.921
0.918
0.918
0.908
0.908
0.899
0.892
0.890
0.886
0.885
0.876
0.875
0.872
0.869
0.867
0.866
0.854
0.854
0.853
0.853
0.847
0.842
0.842
0.835
0.834
0.819
0.818
0.818
0.816
0.814
0.809
0.809
0.803
0.800
0.798
0.793
0.788
0.787
0.786
0.775
0.759
0.757
0.755
0.738
0.733
0.726
0.726
0.724
0.721
0.719
0.718
0.717
0.712
0.711
0.710
0.701
0.700
0.694
0.693
0.683
0.675
0.668
0.659
0.659
0.652
0.641
0.626
0.615
0.605
0.602
0.600
0.596
0.595
0.592
0.581
0.578
0.565
0.562
0.554
0.553
0.545
0.541
0.525
0.513
0.509
0.507
0.498
0.489
0.485
0.465
0.460
0.421
0.391
0.380
0.375
0.363
0.355
0.347
0.336
0.333
0.329
0.325
0.313
0.306
0.303
0.291
0.289
0.252
0.249
0.246
0.240
0.239
0.230
0.219
0.212
0.206
0.184
0.172
0.171
0.166
0.149
0.144
0.142
0.139
0.119
0.112
0.107
0.106
0.106
0.096
0.094
0.093
0.093
0.091
0.090
0.089
0.089
0.084
0.073
0.070
0.066
0.061
0.060
0.050
0.046
0.031
0.030
0
0.2
0.5
0.7
0.99


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