* indicates monthly or quarterly data series

Judicial constraints on executive, 2023:

The average for 2023 based on 41 countries was 0.775 index points. The highest value was in Denmark: 0.988 index points and the lowest value was in Belarus: 0.006 index points. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Measure: index points; Source: Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem)
Select indicator
* indicates monthly or quarterly data series


Countries Judicial constraints on executive, 2023 Global rank Available data
Denmark 0.988 1 1960 - 2023
Finland 0.985 2 1960 - 2023
Switzerland 0.981 3 1960 - 2023
Sweden 0.979 4 1960 - 2023
Norway 0.96 5 1960 - 2023
Ireland 0.957 6 1960 - 2023
Netherlands 0.957 7 1960 - 2023
Estonia 0.955 8 1990 - 2023
Germany 0.948 9 1960 - 2023
Lithuania 0.948 10 1990 - 2023
Iceland 0.947 11 1960 - 2023
Portugal 0.944 12 1960 - 2023
Spain 0.942 13 1960 - 2023
Austria 0.937 14 1960 - 2023
France 0.93 15 1960 - 2023
Latvia 0.929 16 1990 - 2023
UK 0.914 17 1960 - 2023
Slovakia 0.909 18 1993 - 2023
Moldova 0.89 19 1990 - 2023
Croatia 0.888 20 1991 - 2023
Czechia 0.883 21 1960 - 2023
Belgium 0.881 22 1960 - 2023
Bulgaria 0.877 23 1960 - 2023
Luxembourg 0.864 24 1960 - 2023
Italy 0.858 25 1960 - 2023
Malta 0.832 26 1960 - 2023
Cyprus 0.779 27 1960 - 2023
Montenegro 0.778 28 1998 - 2023
Slovenia 0.772 29 1989 - 2023
Greece 0.744 30 1960 - 2023
Romania 0.744 31 1960 - 2023
Albania 0.648 32 1960 - 2023
Hungary 0.637 33 1960 - 2023
Bosnia & Herz. 0.584 34 1992 - 2023
Poland 0.55 35 1960 - 2023
Serbia 0.486 36 1960 - 2023
North Macedonia 0.405 37 1991 - 2023
Ukraine 0.3 38 1990 - 2023
Turkey 0.194 39 1960 - 2023
Russia 0.059 40 1960 - 2023
Belarus 0.006 41 1990 - 2023



Definition: The extent to which the executive branch respects the constitution and complies with court rulings and the extent to which the judiciary can act in an independent fashion.

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