Direct popular vote index - Country rankings

* indicates monthly or quarterly data series

Direct popular vote index, 2023:

The average for 2023 based on 41 countries was 0.152 index points. The highest value was in Switzerland: 0.679 index points and the lowest value was in Bosnia and Herzegovina: 0 index points. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Measure: index points; Source: Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem)
Select indicator
* indicates monthly or quarterly data series


Countries Direct popular vote index, 2023 Global rank Available data
Switzerland 0.679 1 1960 - 2023
Romania 0.498 2 1960 - 2023
Italy 0.366 3 1960 - 2023
Slovakia 0.279 4 1993 - 2023
Hungary 0.271 5 1960 - 2023
Lithuania 0.266 6 1990 - 2023
Malta 0.265 7 1960 - 2023
Bulgaria 0.264 8 1960 - 2023
Slovenia 0.258 9 1989 - 2023
Russia 0.229 10 1960 - 2023
Moldova 0.22 11 1990 - 2023
Serbia 0.211 12 1960 - 2023
Ireland 0.208 13 1960 - 2023
Croatia 0.207 14 1991 - 2023
North Macedonia 0.201 15 1991 - 2023
Denmark 0.185 16 1960 - 2023
Turkey 0.172 17 1960 - 2023
Poland 0.169 18 1960 - 2023
Greece 0.152 19 1960 - 2023
Latvia 0.143 20 1990 - 2023
Belarus 0.139 21 1990 - 2023
Luxembourg 0.123 22 1960 - 2023
Iceland 0.1 23 1960 - 2023
UK 0.09 24 1960 - 2023
Montenegro 0.074 25 1998 - 2023
Austria 0.073 26 1960 - 2023
Ukraine 0.062 27 1990 - 2023
Albania 0.06 28 1960 - 2023
Portugal 0.049 29 1960 - 2023
Estonia 0.038 30 1990 - 2023
Spain 0.037 31 1960 - 2023
France 0.033 32 1960 - 2023
Sweden 0.028 33 1960 - 2023
Belgium 0.017 34 1960 - 2023
Finland 0.015 35 1960 - 2023
Netherlands 0.015 36 1960 - 2023
Norway 0.015 37 1960 - 2023
Czechia 0.013 38 1960 - 2023
Germany 0.011 39 1960 - 2023
Bosnia & Herz. 0 40 1992 - 2023
Cyprus 0 41 1960 - 2023



Definition: A measure of the extent to which direct democracy is used to make political decisions in the country.

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All articles

1. Switzerland
2. Romania
3. Italy
4. Slovakia
5. Hungary
6. Lithuania
7. Malta
8. Bulgaria
9. Slovenia
10. Russia
11. Moldova
12. Serbia
13. Ireland
14. Croatia
15. North Macedonia
16. Denmark
17. Turkey
18. Poland
19. Greece
20. Latvia
21. Belarus
22. Luxembourg
23. Iceland
24. UK
25. Montenegro
26. Austria
27. Ukraine
28. Albania
29. Portugal
30. Estonia
31. Spain
32. France
33. Sweden
34. Belgium
35. Finland
36. Netherlands
37. Norway
38. Czechia
39. Germany
40. Bosnia & Herz.
41. Cyprus
0.679
0.498
0.366
0.279
0.271
0.266
0.265
0.264
0.258
0.229
0.220
0.211
0.208
0.207
0.201
0.185
0.172
0.169
0.152
0.143
0.139
0.123
0.100
0.090
0.074
0.073
0.062
0.060
0.049
0.038
0.037
0.033
0.028
0.017
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.013
0.011
0.000
0.000
0
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.68


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