* indicates monthly or quarterly data series

Research and development expenditure, percent of GDP, 2021:

The average for 2021 based on 4 countries was 0.43 percent. The highest value was in Egypt: 0.91 percent and the lowest value was in Mali: 0.17 percent. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Measure: percent; Source: The United Nations
Select indicator
* indicates monthly or quarterly data series


Countries Research and development expenditure, 2021 Global rank Available data
Egypt 0.91 1 1996 - 2022
Mauritius 0.37 2 1997 - 2022
Burkina Faso 0.25 3 1996 - 2021
Mali 0.17 4 2007 - 2021



Definition: Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

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