Shadow economy: world map

• GDP and economic growth
• Economic growth
• GDP, constant dollars
• GDP, current U.S. dollars
• GDP per capita, current dollars
• GDP per capita, PPP
• GDP per capita, constant dollars
• Productivity, relative to the U.S.
• Productivity, current USD

• Consumption and investment
• Capital investment, percent of GDP
• Capital investment, in dollars
• Household consumption, percent of GDP
• Household consumption, in dollars

• Money
• Inflation
• Exchange rate regimes

• Labor market
• Labor force
• Unemployment rate
• Female unemployment
• Male unemployment
• Youth unemployment
• Labor force participation
• Labor force: percent female
• Female labor force participation
• Male labor force participation
• Hours worked
• Self-employment
• Informal employment

• International trade and investment
• Terms of trade
• Trade openness
• Financial openness
• Exports, percent of GDP
• Exports, billion dollars
• Growth of exports
• Imports, percent of GDP
• Imports, billion dollars
• Foreign Direct Investment, percent of GDP
• Foreign Direct Investment, billion dollars
• Portfolio investment inflows, equities
• Current account, percent of GDP
• Current account, in dollars
• Trade balance, percent of GDP
• Trade balance, in dollars
• Reserves
• Remittances, percent of GDP
• Remittances
• Net errors and omissions
• External debt
• Short-term external debt
• Short-term debt to reserves

• Government
• Government spending, percent of GDP
• Government spending, in dollars
• Fiscal balance, percent of GDP
• Government debt
• Tax revenue
• Commercial tax rate
• Tax preparation time
• Number of taxes
• Taxes on goods and services
• Taxes on international trade
• Income and profits taxes
• Foreign aid

• Forecast from the IMF
• Economic growth forecast
• Investment forecast
• Inflation forecast
• Unemployment rate forecast
• Budget balance forecast
• Current account forecast

• Governance and business environment
• Rule of law
• Government effectiveness
• Control of corruption
• Regulatory quality
• Voice and accountability
• Political stability
• Corruption perceptions - Transparency International
• Political rights
• Civil liberties
• Competitiveness
• Cost of starting a business
• Shadow economy
• Informal economy, MIMIC method
• Informal economy, DGE method

• Political system
• Electoral democracy index
• Liberal democracy index
• Participatory democracy index
• Deliberative democracy index
• Egalitarian democracy index
• Government accountability
• Freedom of expression
• Political corruption
• Women political empowerment
• Academic freedom
• Clean elections index
• Judicial constraints on executive
• Legislative constraints on executive
• Civil society participation index
• Direct popular vote index
• Equal protection index
• Presidential elections
• Parliamentary elections

• Infrastructure and transport characteristics
• Internet users
• Internet subscribers
• Internet subscribers, per 100 people
• Mobile phone subscribers
• Mobile phone subscribers, per 100 people
• Mobile network coverage
• Internet bandwidth
• Airline passengers
• Railroad lines, km
• Railway transport of goods
• Railway passengers
• Port traffic
• Passenger car sales
• Commercial vehicle sales
• Roads quality
• Railroad infrastructure quality
• Port infrastructure quality
• Air transport infrastructure quality

• Energy and environment
• Gasoline prices
• Diesel prices
• Energy use per capita
• Share of clean energy
• Carbon intensity
• Energy use per $1000 GDP
• Electricity from renewable sources, kWh
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita
• Greenhouse gas emissions
• GDP per unit of energy
• Energy imports
• Natural resources income
• Oil revenue
• Natural gas revenue
• Access to electricity
• Gasoline consumption per capita

• Industry: Oil, coal, and electricity
• Oil reserves
• Oil production
• Oil consumption
• Diesel and heating oil consumption
• Gasoline production
• Gasoline consumption
• LPG production
• LPG consumption
• Jet fuel production
• Jet fuel consumption
• Coal reserves
• Coal production
• Coal consumption
• Coal imports
• Coal exports
• Electricity production capacity
• Electricity production
• Electricity consumption
• Electricity imports
• Electricity exports
• Renewable power capacity
• Renewable power generation
• Natural gas production
• Natural gas consumption
• Biofuels production
• Biofuels consumption
• Primary energy consumption
• Biodiesel consumption
• Primary energy production
• Biodiesel production

• Energy mix
• Fossil fuels electricity capacity
• Fossil fuels electricity generation
• Wind electricity capacity
• Wind electricity generation
• Solar electricity capacity
• Solar electricity generation
• Hydroelectricity capacity
• Hydroelectricity generation
• Nuclear electricity capacity
• Nuclear power generation
• Geothermal electricity capacity
• Geothermal electricity generation

• Agriculture sector
• Forest area, percent
• Percent agricultural land
• Employment in agriculture
• GDP share of agriculture
• Agriculture value added
• Agricultural land
• Crop production index
• Precipitation
• Arable land, percent of land area
• Cereal crop yield by hectar
• Food production index
• Fertilizer use
• Livestock production index
• Forest area, sq.km

• Banking system access and depth
• ATMs per 100,000 adults
• Bank accounts per 1000 adults
• Bank branches per 100,000 people
• Firms using credit to finance investment
• Small firms with bank credit
• Percent people with credit cards
• Percent people with debit cards
• Domestic credit to the private sector
• Bank credit to the private sector
• Liquid liabilities, percent of GDP
• Bank assets to GDP
• Financial system deposits, percent of GDP
• Bank credit to government
• Banking system concentration
• Foreign bank assets
• Percent people with bank accounts

• Banking system efficiency and stability
• Lending-deposit interest rate spread
• Bank cost to income ratio
• Non-performing loans
• Bank overhead cost
• Net interest margin
• Bank credit to deposits
• Regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets
• Return on assets
• Return on equity
• Banking system z-scores
• Liquid assets to deposits
• Banking system capital to assets
• Non-interest income to total income
• Lending interest rate
• Real interest rate
• Legal rights
• Credit information sharing

• Stock market, insurance, pensions
• Stock market capitalization, percent of GDP
• Stock market capitalization, in dollars
• Stock market turnover ratio
• Listed companies
• Stock market value traded
• Stock market return
• Stock market access for smaller firms
• Stock market activity for smaller firms
• Stock price volatility
• Mutual fund assets
• Life insurance volume
• Non-life insurance premium volume
• Pension fund assets to GDP
• Insurance company assets
• Nonbank financial institutions assets to GDP

• Financial development
• Financial development
• Financial institutions development
• Financial institutions development, depth
• Financial institutions development, access
• Financial institutions development, efficiency
• Financial markets development
• Financial markets development, depth
• Financial markets development, access
• Financial markets development, efficiency

• Innovation measures
• Innovation index
• Research and development expenditure
• Information technology exports
• High tech exports
• High tech exports, percent of manufactured exports
• Patent applications by residents

• Economic freedom indexes
• Property rights
• Freedom from corruption
• Fiscal freedom
• Business freedom
• Labor freedom
• Monetary freedom
• Trade freedom
• Investment freedom
• Financial freedom
• Economic freedom, overall index

• Demographics
• Population size
• Percent urban population
• Population density
• Population ages 65 and above
• Percent children
• Percent female population
• Rural population, percent
• Age dependency ratio
• Refugee population
• Migrant population
• Population growth

• Health spending and outcomes
• Health spending per capita
• Health spending as percent of GDP
• Life expectancy
• Life expectancy, female
• Life expectancy, male
• Birth rate
• Death rate
• Fertility rate
• HIV infections
• Tuberculosis
• Diabetes prevalence
• Prevalence of anemia among children
• Prevalence of undernourishment
• Access to drinking water, rural
• Access to drinking water, urban
• Suicides
• DPT immunization rate
• Hepatitis B immunization rate
• Measles immunization rate
• Traffic accident deaths

• Child and maternal mortality
• Maternal mortality
• Neonatal mortality
• Infant mortality
• Child mortality
• Child mortality, female
• Child mortality, male
• Older child mortality rate

• Healthcare resources
• Hospital beds
• Hospital beds per 1,000 people
• Nurse to hospital bed ratio
• Doctors per 1,000 people
• Nurses per 1,000 people
• Midwives per 1,000 people
• Midwives per 1,000 live births
• Dentists per 1,000 people
• Pharmacists per 1,000 people
• Physiotherapists per 1,000 people
• Magnetic resonance imaging units
• Computed tomography scanners
• Mammographs

• Inequality and poverty
• Gini inequality index
• Poverty ratio
• Poverty at 1.90 USD per day
• Poverty at 5.50 USD per day
• Top 10 percent income share

• Education spending and outcomes
• Education spending, percent of GDP
• Education spending, percent of government spending
• Literacy rate
• Female literacy rate, ages 15-24
• Male literacy rate, ages 15-24
• Youth literacy rate, ages 15-24
• Student teacher ratio, primary school
• Primary school completion rate
• School starting age, primary school
• Female to male ratio, primary school pupils
• Female to male ratio, secondary school students
• Female to male ratio, students at tertiary level education
• Preprimary school enrollment
• Primary school enrollment
• Secondary school enrollment
• Tertiary school enrollment
• Trained teachers in primary education
• PISA reading scores
• PISA math scores
• PISA science scores

• Globalization indexes
• Overall globalization
• Economic globalization
• Political globalization
• Social globalization

• Shares of world totals
• Percent of world population
• Percent of world GDP
• Percent of world exports
• Percent of world imports
• Percent of world FDI
• Percent of world oil reserves
• Percent of world oil production
• Percent of world foreign exchange reserves
• Electricity consumption percent of world total

• Economic structure
• Share of industry
• Share of manufacturing
• Share of services
• Industry value added
• Manufacturing value added
• Services value added
• Savings, percent of GDP
• Savings, in dollars

• Industry: Diamond production and trade
• Diamond production, carats
• Diamond production, million USD
• Diamond production, USD per carat
• Diamond exports, carats
• Diamond exports, million USD
• Diamond exports, USD per carat
• Diamond imports, carats
• Diamond imports, million USD
• Diamond imports, USD per carat

• Tourism
• Tourist arrivals
• International tourism revenue
• International tourism revenue, percent of GDP
• Percent of world tourist arrivals
• Tourist departures

• Minerals
• Gold production
• Silver production
• Platinum production
• Iron production
• Copper production
• Lithium production
• Zinc production
• Cobalt production
• Bauxite production

• Crime statistics
• Kidnapping rate
• Robbery rate
• Imprisonment rate
• Theft rate
• Homicide rate

• Religious composition of the population
• Percent Jewish
• Percent Buddhist
• Percent Hindu
• Percent Muslim
• Percent Shia Muslim
• Percent Sunni Muslim
• Percent Christian
• Percent Catholic
• Percent Protestant
• Percent Eastern Orthodox
• Percent Non Religious

• Fragile state index
• Fragile state index
• Security threats index
• Factionalized elites index
• Group grievance index
• Economic decline index
• Uneven economic development
• Human flight and brain drain
• State legitimacy index
• Public services index
• Human rights and rule of law index
• Demographic pressures index
• Refugees and displaced persons index
• External interventions index

• Military
• Military spending
• Military spending, percent of GDP
• Military spending, percent of government spending
• Armed forces
• Armed forces, percent of labor force
• Arms exports
• Arms imports

• Price level
• Cost of living
• Food prices
• Fruit prices
• Vegetable prices
• Bread and cereal prices
• Milk, cheese, and eggs prices
• Meat prices
• Fish and seafood prices
• Alcohol beverage prices
• Clothing and footwear prices
• Housing and utilities prices
• Furniture and household maintenance prices
• Healthcare prices
• Transport prices
• Hotel and restaurant prices
• Vehicle prices
• Communication prices
• Recreation and culture prices
• Education prices
• Machinery and equipment prices

• Other indicators
• Happiness index
• Human development
• Women in parliament
• Land area

Source: Medina and Schneider (2018)
Measure: percent