Consumer Surplus
The benefit that consumers receive from the existence of a market price. Consumer surplus is measured as the difference between what consumers are willing and able to pay for a good or services and the market price of the good.
Supposed a college student is willing to pay US$1500 for a new iPhone, but the market price of the iPhone, which is determined by the interaction of all consumers and producers, is only US$1000. Then the consumer surplus for the college student of purchasing the iPhone is US$500.
Supposed a college student is willing to pay US$1500 for a new iPhone, but the market price of the iPhone, which is determined by the interaction of all consumers and producers, is only US$1000. Then the consumer surplus for the college student of purchasing the iPhone is US$500.