Turkey: Trade openness

* indicates monthly or quarterly data series
 Turkey

Trade openness: exports plus imports as percent of GDP

 Latest value 66.96
 Year 2023
 Measure percent
 Data availability 1960 - 2023
 Average 34.75
 Min - Max 5.73 - 81.17
 Source The World Bank
The latest value from 2023 is 66.96 percent, a decline from 81.17 percent in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 94.79 percent, based on data from 138 countries. Historically, the average for Turkey from 1960 to 2023 is 34.75 percent. The minimum value, 5.73 percent, was reached in 1960 while the maximum of 81.17 percent was recorded in 2022. See the global rankings for that indicator or use the country comparator to compare trends over time.
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* indicates monthly or quarterly data series


Recent data
Turkey - Trade openness - Recent values chart

Historical series
Turkey - Trade openness - historical chart - 1960-2023




Definition: Exports plus imports as percent of GDP.

Selected articles from our guide:

What factors determine the exchange rates

International lending and sovereign debt

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 Related indicators Latest Reference Measure
 Terms of trade 88.64 2021 percent
 Trade openness 66.96 2023 percent
 Financial openness -1.242 2021 index points
 Exports, percent of GDP 32.27 2023 percent
 Exports, billion dollars 357.55 2023 billion U.S. dollars
 Growth of exports -2.73 2023 percent
 Imports, percent of GDP 34.69 2023 percent
 Imports, billion dollars 384.42 2023 billion U.S. dollars
 Foreign Direct Investment, percent of GDP 0.96 2023 percent
 Foreign Direct Investment, billion dollars 13.67 2022 billion U.S. dollars
 Portfolio investment inflows, equities 1,387.00 2023 million dollars (current)
 Current account, percent of GDP -4.07 2023 percent
 Current account, in dollars -44.96 2023 billion U.S. dollars
 Trade balance, percent of GDP -2.43 2023 percent
 Trade balance, in dollars -34.31 2023 billion U.S. dollars
 Reserves 140.86 2023 billion U.S. dollars
 Remittances, percent of GDP 0.08 2023 percent
 Remittances 868.00 2023 million U.S. dollars
 Net errors and omissions -9,127.00 2023 million USD
 External debt 51.05 2022 percent
 Short-term external debt 32.31 2022 percent
 Short-term debt to reserves 119.78 2022 percent
 Foreign exchange reserves 152.07 9/2024 billion
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