Saudi Arabia: Reserves

* indicates monthly or quarterly data series
 Saudi Arabia

Foreign exchange reserves including gold, billion USD

 Latest value 457.95
 Year 2023
 Measure billion U.S. dollars
 Data availability 1960 - 2023
 Average 156.05
 Min - Max 0.19 - 744.44
 Source The World Bank
The latest value from 2023 is 457.95 billion U.S. dollars, a decline from 478.23 billion U.S. dollars in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 107.34 billion U.S. dollars, based on data from 135 countries. Historically, the average for Saudi Arabia from 1960 to 2023 is 156.05 billion U.S. dollars. The minimum value, 0.19 billion U.S. dollars, was reached in 1960 while the maximum of 744.44 billion U.S. dollars was recorded in 2014. See the global rankings for that indicator or use the country comparator to compare trends over time.
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* indicates monthly or quarterly data series


Recent data
Saudi Arabia - Reserves - Recent values chart

Historical series
Saudi Arabia - Reserves - historical chart - 1960-2023




The reserves of Saudi Arabia and other countries include their holdings of foreign currencies and gold. These are the reserves of the central bank and the treasury of the country, not the private sector.

When countries export products or attract investment from other countries, they receive foreign currencies. They use some of these currencies to buy imports and to invest in other countries. The rest is held in reserves and some of the reserves may be converted to gold.
Definition: Total reserves comprise holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights, reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities. The gold component of these reserves is valued at year-end (December 31) London prices. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Selected articles from our guide:

What factors determine the exchange rates

International lending and sovereign debt

All articles



 Related indicators Latest Reference Measure
 Terms of trade 139.90 2021 percent
 Trade openness 62.13 2023 percent
 Financial openness 1.034 2021 index points
 Exports, percent of GDP 34.75 2023 percent
 Exports, billion dollars 370.98 2023 billion U.S. dollars
 Growth of exports -6.51 2023 percent
 Imports, percent of GDP 27.38 2023 percent
 Imports, billion dollars 292.28 2023 billion U.S. dollars
 Foreign Direct Investment, percent of GDP 1.15 2023 percent
 Foreign Direct Investment, billion dollars 28.06 2022 billion U.S. dollars
 Portfolio investment inflows, equities 4,223.41 2023 million dollars (current)
 Current account, percent of GDP 3.19 2023 percent
 Current account, in dollars 34.07 2023 billion U.S. dollars
 Trade balance, percent of GDP 7.37 2023 percent
 Trade balance, in dollars 79.41 2023 billion U.S. dollars
 Reserves 457.95 2023 billion U.S. dollars
 Remittances, percent of GDP 0.03 2023 percent
 Remittances 281.98 2023 million U.S. dollars
 Net errors and omissions -7,309.55 2023 million USD
 Foreign exchange reserves 1,713.65 9/2024 billion
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