Panama: Research and development expenditure
* indicates monthly or quarterly data series
| Panama |
Research and development expenditure, percent of GDP |
|---|---|
| Latest value | 0.16 |
| Year | 2021 |
| Measure | percent |
| Data availability | 1996 - 2021 |
| Average | 0.21 |
| Min - Max | 0.06 - 0.36 |
| Source | The United Nations |
The latest value from 2021 is 0.16 percent, a decline from 0.21 percent in 2020. In comparison, the world average is 1.36 percent, based on data from 69 countries. Historically, the average for Panama from 1996 to 2021 is 0.21 percent. The minimum value, 0.06 percent, was reached in 2013 while the maximum of 0.36 percent was recorded in 2000.
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The expenditure for R&D on the charts includes both private and public spending on research and development.
Definition: Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
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| Related indicators | Latest | Reference | Measure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Innovation index | 25.34 | 2023 | points |
| Research and development expenditure | 0.16 | 2021 | percent |
| Information technology exports | 17.82 | 2020 | percent |
| High tech exports | 0.33 | 2022 | million U.S. dollars |
| High tech exports, percent of manufactured exports | 0.23 | 2022 | percent |
| Patent applications by residents | 35 | 2021 | patent applications |