Kazakhstan: Financial openness
* indicates monthly or quarterly data series
| Kazakhstan |
Financial openness index |
|---|---|
| Latest value | -0.989 |
| Year | 2021 |
| Measure | index points |
| Data availability | 1996 - 2021 |
| Average | -1.213 |
| Min - Max | -1.242 - -0.989 |
| Source | Chinn-Ito Index |
The latest value from 2021 is -0.989 index points, unchanged from -0.989 index points in 2020. In comparison, the world average is 0.322 index points, based on data from 176 countries. Historically, the average for Kazakhstan from 1996 to 2021 is -1.213 index points. The minimum value, -1.242 index points, was reached in 1996 while the maximum of -0.989 index points was recorded in 2019.
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Definition: The Chinn-Ito index measures a country's degree of capital account openness and was introduced in Chinn and Ito (Journal of Development Economics, 2006). It is based on variables that codify the restrictions on cross-border financial transactions in the IMF's Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions. Higher values mean greater financial openness.
Selected articles from our guide:
What factors determine the exchange rates
International lending and sovereign debt
All articles
| Related indicators | Latest | Reference | Measure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Terms of trade | 133.31 | 2021 | percent |
| Trade openness | 68.11 | 2022 | percent |
| Financial openness | -0.989 | 2021 | index points |
| Exports, percent of GDP | 41.78 | 2022 | percent |
| Exports, billion dollars | 94.22 | 2022 | billion U.S. dollars |
| Growth of exports | 10.20 | 2022 | percent |
| Imports, percent of GDP | 26.33 | 2022 | percent |
| Imports, billion dollars | 59.38 | 2022 | billion U.S. dollars |
| Foreign Direct Investment, percent of GDP | 2.03 | 2023 | percent |
| Foreign Direct Investment, billion dollars | 4.93 | 2022 | billion U.S. dollars |
| Portfolio investment inflows, equities | 377.94 | 2023 | million dollars (current) |
| Current account, percent of GDP | 0.90 | 2022 | percent |
| Current account, in dollars | -8.66 | 2023 | billion U.S. dollars |
| Trade balance, percent of GDP | 15.45 | 2022 | percent |
| Trade balance, in dollars | 18.36 | 2023 | billion U.S. dollars |
| Reserves | 35.96 | 2023 | billion U.S. dollars |
| Remittances, percent of GDP | 0.17 | 2023 | percent |
| Remittances | 440.00 | 2023 | million U.S. dollars |
| Net errors and omissions | -93.13 | 2023 | million USD |
| External debt | 80.87 | 2022 | percent |
| Short-term external debt | 10.30 | 2022 | percent |
| Short-term debt to reserves | 47.47 | 2022 | percent |
| Foreign exchange reserves | 21,435.46 | 9/2024 | billion |