Czechia Economic Indicators

Main indicators
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
0.60
Q2/2024
quarterly
Q1/1996 - Q2/2024
The percent change in the Gross Domestic Product from the same quarter last year using constant prices.
percent
2.41
Aug/2024
monthly
1/1997 - 8/2024
Percent change in the CPI from the same month last year.
percent
4.50
Aug/2024
monthly
1/2000 - 8/2024
The interest rate which best captures the monetary authorities' policy intentions. Different countries have different policy interest rates. The most common are the overnight lending rate, discount rate and repurchase rate (of different maturities). In the USA the policy rate is the federal funds rate. The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions trade federal funds (balances held at Federal Reserve Banks) with each other overnight. The federal funds rate is essentially determined by the market but is influenced by the Federal Reserve through open market operations to reach the federal funds rate target. In the Euro area the policy rate is the main refinancing operations rate. The main refinancing operations (MRO) rate is the interest rate banks pay when they borrow money from the ECB for one week. When they do this, they have to provide collateral to guarantee that the money will be paid back. The policy interest rates determine the levels of the rest of the interest rates in the economy, since it is the price at which private agents (mostly private banks) obtain money from the central bank.
percent
2.60
Aug/2024
monthly
1/1993 - 8/2024
The unemployment rate represents the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.



GDP and economic growth
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
-0.31
2023
annual
1991  -  2023
Annual percentage growth rate of GDP at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2015 prices, expressed in U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources.
billion USD
215.3
2023
annual
1990  -  2023
GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2015 prices, expressed in U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using 2015 official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
billion USD
330.86
2023
annual
1990  -  2023
GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
USD
30427.42
2023
annual
1990  -  2023
GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
USD
47731
2023
annual
1990  -  2023
GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2011 international dollars.
USD
19800.28
2023
annual
1990  -  2023
GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2015 U.S. dollars.
index points
62.50
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
The index sets the level of GDP per hour worked in the U.S. to 100 and uses it as basis to compare other countries. Countries with an index greater (smaller) than 100 have greater (lower) labor productivity than the U.S. The GDP used in the calculation is adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity to account for price differences across countries.
USD per hour worked
57.2
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
GDP per hour worked expressed in current USD. The level of GDP is adjusted in terms of Purchasing Power Parity to reflect price differences across countries.
percent
0.60
Q2/2024
quarterly
Q1/1996 - Q2/2024
The percent change in the Gross Domestic Product from the same quarter last year using constant prices.
percent
0.40
Q2/2024
quarterly
Q2/1995 - Q2/2024
The percent change in the Gross Domestic Product from the previous quarter using constant prices. Data are seasonally adjusted.
billion CZK
2027.30
Q2/2024
quarterly
Q1/1995 - Q2/2024
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the sum of the gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. The data are in billion local currency units using current prices.



Business cycle indicators
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
-2.00
Jul/2024
monthly
1/2001 - 7/2024
The indicator shows the percent change in the index of industrial production from the same month last year. Industrial production includes mining and quarrying, manufacturing, and electricity production.
index points
96.00
Jul/2024
monthly
1/2000 - 7/2024
The retail sales index is an aggregated measure of the sales of retail goods over a stated period. Because retail sales are a measure of consumer demand for finished goods, they are a leading macroeconomic indicator of the pulse of an economy and its projected path toward expansion or contraction. The retail sales index measures only the volume changes, i.e. price level changes are excluded.
percent
4.35
Jul/2024
monthly
1/2001 - 7/2024
The retail sales Y-on-Y is an aggregated measure of the sales of retail goods over a stated period. Because retail sales are a measure of consumer demand for finished goods, they are a leading macroeconomic indicator of the pulse of an economy and its projected path toward expansion or contraction. Retail sales Y-on-Y is calculated as the percent change in the Retail sales index from the same month the previous year. The Retail sales Y-on-Y measures only volume changes, i.e. price level changes are excluded.
index points
225.05
Q1/2024
quarterly
Q1/2008 - Q1/2024
A house price index (HPI) measures the price changes of residential housing as a percentage change from some specific start date (which has HPI of 100).
percent
-0.89
Q1/2024
quarterly
Q1/2009 - Q1/2024
Real residential property price measures the year-on-year percent change of property prices over time excluding the corresponding Y-on-Y inflation.
points
8.30
Sep/2024
monthly
5/2002 - 9/2024
The business survey indicator provides information on the amount of optimism or pessimism that business managers feel about the prospects of their companies, based upon opinion surveys on developments in production, orders and stocks of finished goods and the general economic situation of the company. It can be used to monitor output growth and to anticipate turning points in economic activity.
points
-11.90
Sep/2024
monthly
1/1995 - 9/2024
The consumer survey contains standardized questions about the financial situation of households, general economic situation, inflation, unemployment, saving, intentions of making major purchases on durable goods or purchasing or building a home or buying a car. The survey gives an opportunity to analyze the tendencies in the development of public opinions on significant economic phenomena in the country.
index points
46.70
Aug/2024
monthly
5/2018 - 8/2024
The manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) is an indicator of economic health for the manufacturing sector. The purpose of the PMI is to provide information about current business conditions to company decision makers, analysts and purchasing managers. Each country PMI survey for the manufacturing sector is based on questionnaire responses that cover the following economic variables: output, new orders, new export orders, backlogs of work, output prices, input prices, suppliers’ delivery times, stocks of finished goods, quantity of purchases, stocks of purchases, employment, future output. The manufacturing PMI is a number from 0 to 100. A PMI above 50 represents an expansion when compared with the previous month. A PMI reading under 50 represents a contraction, and a reading at 50 indicates no change.



Consumption and investment
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
32.16
2022
annual
1990  -  2022
Gross capital formation (formerly gross domestic investment) consists of outlays on additions to the fixed assets of the economy plus net changes in the level of inventories. Fixed assets include land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. Inventories are stocks of goods held by firms to meet temporary or unexpected fluctuations in production or sales, and "work in progress." According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation.
billion USD
95.54
2023
annual
1990  -  2023
Gross capital formation (formerly gross domestic investment) consists of outlays on additions to the fixed assets of the economy plus net changes in the level of inventories. Fixed assets include land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. Inventories are stocks of goods held by firms to meet temporary or unexpected fluctuations in production or sales, and "work in progress." According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
percent
45.63
2023
annual
1990  -  2023
Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. This item also includes any statistical discrepancy in the use of resources relative to the supply of resources.
billion USD
150.99
2023
annual
1990  -  2023
Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
billion CZK
954.07
Q2/2024
quarterly
Q1/1995 - Q2/2024
The market value of all goods and services, including durable products, purchased by households.
percent
47.06
Q2/2024
quarterly
Q1/1995 - Q2/2024
Household Consumption as percent of GDP
percent
4.63
Q2/2024
quarterly
Q1/1996 - Q2/2024
The percent change in Household Consumption from the same quarter last year.
percent
4.63
Q2/2024
quarterly
Q1/1996 - Q2/2024
The percent change in Household Consumption from the same quarter last year.
billion CZK
520.03
Q2/2024
quarterly
Q1/1995 - Q2/2024
Gross fixed capital formation including land improvements; plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings.
percent
25.65
Q2/2024
quarterly
Q1/1995 - Q2/2024
Gross fixed capital formation including land improvements; plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings as percent of GDP
percent
1.34
Q2/2024
quarterly
Q1/1996 - Q2/2024
The percent change in investment (Physical Capital Accumulation) from the same quarter last year.



Money
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
10.7
2023
annual
1992  -  2023
Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.
index points
7
2021
annual
2008  -  2021
The data are from the IMF Annual Reports on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions. A higher value of the index indicates more exchange rate flexibility: 1 = the country has no independent legal tender; 2 = currency board; 3 = conventional peg; 4 = target zone; 5 = crawling peg; 6 = other managed exchange rate regimes; 7 = floating regime. The IMF categorization does not include currency unions. Instead, it assigns to the member country the regime of the union it is a part of. For example, all EMU members are assigned a floating exchange rate regime. The data begin with the latest change of the IMF categorization in 2008.
Local Currency Units per USD
22.5940
Sep/2024
monthly
1/2000 - 9/2024
The amount of local currency units that can be exchanged for one USD. An increase (decrease) means USD appreciation (depreciation). The values are monthly averages of the daily exchange rates provided by Google Finance.
billion CZK
6679.71
Jun/2024
monthly
1/2002 - 6/2024
The money supply is the total amount of currency and other liquid instruments circulating in the economy. The indicator represents the broad money that include currency outside banks; demand, time, saving, and foreign currency deposits of resident sectors other than the central government; bank and traveler's checks; and other securities such as certificates of deposit and commercial paper.
index points
152.9000
Aug/2024
monthly
1/1996 - 8/2024
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the cost of a basket of goods and services consumed by the average urban household.
percent
0.13
Aug/2024
monthly
2/1996 - 8/2024
The percentage change in the CPI from one month to the next.
percent
2.41
Aug/2024
monthly
1/1997 - 8/2024
Percent change in the CPI from the same month last year.
billion CZK
3704.72
Jun/2024
monthly
1/2002 - 6/2024
Private sector credit refers to the credit extended by commercial banks and other deposit-taking institutions (excluding central banks) to private non-financial firms and households. Included are all credit institutions: domestic and foreign owned as well as private and public ones.
billion CZK
1399.71
Jun/2024
monthly
1/2002 - 6/2024
Business credit includes credit extended by commercial banks and other deposit-taking institutions (excluding central banks) to private non-financial firms. Included are all credit institutions: domestic and foreign owned as well as private and public ones.
billion CZK
2305.00
Jun/2024
monthly
1/2002 - 6/2024
Household credit includes credit extended by commercial banks and other deposit-taking institutions (excluding central banks) to households. Included are all credit institutions: domestic and foreign owned as well as private and public ones.
billion CZK
1780.15
Jun/2024
monthly
1/2002 - 6/2024
Loans provided by commercial banks for the purchase of non-commercial real estate. In billion local currency units.
billion CZK
524.85
Jun/2024
monthly
1/2002 - 6/2024
Loans provided by commercial banks to households and individuals for the purchase of goods and services, excluding real estate. In billion local currency units.
percent
4.31
Jun/2024
monthly
1/2004 - 6/2024
The deposit interest rate is the average interest rate on one year term deposits offered by the commercial banks to the household sector.
percent
6.24
Jun/2024
monthly
1/2001 - 6/2024
The business credit interest rate is the average interest rate on the loan products offered by commercial banks to non-financial corporations. The business credit is a credit specifically intended for business purposes including secured and unsecured business loans to small or large business with variable or fixed interest rate.
percent
3.39
Jun/2024
monthly
1/2002 - 6/2024
The mortgage credit interest rate is the average interest rate on mortgage loan products offered to individuals and households by the commercial banks in the country. The mortgage credit is a loan used to finance the purchase of real estate.
percent
4.50
Aug/2024
monthly
1/2000 - 8/2024
The interest rate which best captures the monetary authorities' policy intentions. Different countries have different policy interest rates. The most common are the overnight lending rate, discount rate and repurchase rate (of different maturities). In the USA the policy rate is the federal funds rate. The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions trade federal funds (balances held at Federal Reserve Banks) with each other overnight. The federal funds rate is essentially determined by the market but is influenced by the Federal Reserve through open market operations to reach the federal funds rate target. In the Euro area the policy rate is the main refinancing operations rate. The main refinancing operations (MRO) rate is the interest rate banks pay when they borrow money from the ECB for one week. When they do this, they have to provide collateral to guarantee that the money will be paid back. The policy interest rates determine the levels of the rest of the interest rates in the economy, since it is the price at which private agents (mostly private banks) obtain money from the central bank.
percent
31.80
Dec/2023
monthly
3/2000 - 12/2023
The total outstanding debt of households to banks and other financial institutions as percent of GDP.
percent
9.30
Q4/2023
quarterly
Q1/2000 - Q4/2023
Debt service ratio - comprising interest payments and debt amortizations as a proportion of the income of the private non-financial sector. The DSR is a measure of the financial constraints imposed by indebtedness.



Labor market
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
million people
5.40
2023
annual
1991  -  2023
Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes people who are currently employed and people who are unemployed but seeking work as well as first-time job-seekers. Not everyone who works is included, however. Unpaid workers, family workers, and students are often omitted, and some countries do not count members of the armed forces. Labor force size tends to vary during the year as seasonal workers enter and leave.
percent
2.59
2023
annual
1991  -  2023
Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.
percent
2.99
2023
annual
1991  -  2023
Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.
percent
2.22
2023
annual
1991  -  2023
percent
9.46
2023
annual
1991  -  2023
Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment.
percent
60.09
2023
annual
1991  -  2023
Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
percent
44.10
2023
annual
1991  -  2023
Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
percent
51.92
2023
annual
1991  -  2023
Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
percent
68.61
2023
annual
1991  -  2023
Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
percent
15.98
2022
annual
1991  -  2022
Self-employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs." i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced. Self-employed workers include four sub-categories of employers, own-account workers, members of producers' cooperatives, and contributing family workers.
million employed people
5.14
Q2/2024
quarterly
Q1/1998 - Q2/2024
The number of people, in millions, engaged in the economy as paid employees or as self-employed.
percent
2.60
Aug/2024
monthly
1/1993 - 8/2024
The unemployment rate represents the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.
index points
118.60
Q2/2024
quarterly
Q1/2000 - Q2/2024
The index reflects the level of the total compensation of employees in the economy. Labor costs are defined as core expenditure borne by employers for the purpose of employing staff. They include employee compensation, with wages and salaries in cash and in kind, employers' social security contributions and employment taxes regarded as labor costs minus any subsidies received.



International trade and investment
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
98.85
2021
annual
2000  -  2021
Net barter terms of trade index is calculated as the percentage ratio of the export unit value indexes to the import unit value indexes, measured relative to the base year 2015.
percent
138.92
2023
annual
1990  -  2023
Exports plus imports as percent of GDP.
index points
2.299
2021
annual
1996  -  2021
The Chinn-Ito index measures a country's degree of capital account openness and was introduced in Chinn and Ito (Journal of Development Economics, 2006). It is based on variables that codify the restrictions on cross-border financial transactions in the IMF's Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions. Higher values mean greater financial openness.
percent
72.01
2023
annual
1990  -  2023
Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments.
billion USD
238.25
2023
annual
1990  -  2023
Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
percent
2.75
2023
annual
1991  -  2023
Annual growth rate of exports of goods and services based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2015 prices, expressed in U.S. dollars. Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments.
percent
66.91
2023
annual
1990  -  2023
Imports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments.
billion USD
221.39
2023
annual
1990  -  2023
Imports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
percent
3.62
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors, and is divided by GDP.
billion USD
10.53
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in the reporting economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a resident in one economy having control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares of voting stock is the criterion for determining the existence of a direct investment relationship. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
million dollars (current)
991.67
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Portfolio equity includes net inflows from equity securities other than those recorded as direct investment and including shares, stocks, depository receipts (American or global), and direct purchases of shares in local stock markets by foreign investors. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
percent
0.40
2023
annual
1995  -  2023
Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods and services, net primary income, and net secondary income.
billion USD
1.28
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods and services, net primary income, and net secondary income. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
percent
0.98
2022
annual
1990  -  2022
External balance on goods and services (formerly resource balance) equals exports of goods and services minus imports of goods and services (previously nonfactor services).
billion USD
17.29
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Net trade in goods and services is derived by offsetting imports of goods and services against exports of goods and services. Exports and imports of goods and services comprise all transactions involving a change of ownership of goods and services between residents of one country and the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
billion USD
148.38
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Total reserves comprise holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights, reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities. The gold component of these reserves is valued at year-end (December 31) London prices. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
percent
1.27
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees.
million USD
4190.22
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
million USD
1155.40
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Net errors and omissions constitute a residual category needed to ensure that accounts in the balance of payments statement sum to zero. Net errors and omissions are derived as the balance on the financial account minus the balances on the current and capital accounts. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
billion CZK
3426.81
Jun/2024
monthly
1/1993 - 6/2024
Foreign exchange reserves consist of foreign currency, deposits denominated in foreign currency, Monetary Gold, Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) and Reserve position in the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Foreign exchange reserves are held by monetary authorities to finance trade imbalances, check the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations and address other issues under the purview of the central bank.



Government
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
20.20
2022
annual
1990  -  2022
General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation.
billion USD
67.47
2023
annual
1990  -  2023
General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
percent
-3.26
2023
annual
1995  -  2023
The fiscal (budget) balance is the difference between government revenue and government expenditure. We express the value as percent of GDP to relate it to the size of the economy.
percent
43.96
2023
annual
1995  -  2023
Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year.
billion CZK
386.29
Q2/2024
quarterly
Q1/1995 - Q2/2024
Total spending by all levels of government but excluding public enterprises.
Sovereign credit rating
AA-
Aug/2024
quarterly
7/1993 - 8/2024
S&P includes long-term ratings from the highest AAA to the lowest D rating. Moody’s includes long-term ratings from the highest Aaa to the lowest C. Fitch includes long-term ratings from the highest AAA to the lowest D rating. Scope includes long-term foreign-currency ratings from the highest AAA to the lowest D rating.

For all four international credit rating agencies, ratings are divided into two main groups based on the level of credit risk: investment grade for lower levels of credit risk and speculative grade for higher levels of credit risk. For S&P, Fitch and Scope, investment grade issues/issuers are those rated from BBB- and above, while those from BB+ and below are categorized as speculative grade. Moody’s denotes as investment grade issues/issuers as those rated from Baa3 and above, while ratings from Ba1 and below fall into the category of speculative grade.

All four agencies include modifiers into their generic alphabet-based ratings for particular ranges. Ratings from S&P, Fitch and Scope are modified with “+” or “-” from the range AA to CCC. Moody’s appends numerical modifiers from 1 to 3 to the generic rating classifications from Aa to Caa. 1 indicates standing in the higher end of the generic category, while 3 indicates ranking in the lower end. All modifiers denote relative status within major ratings categories.

Rating Outlooks indicate the direction the rating is likely to move over a one- to two-year period. In determining an outlook, consideration is given to any changes in fundamental business conditions. Credit Watch focuses on identifiable events that cause ratings to be placed under special surveillance.

Rating Outlooks/Watches for the four agencies are the following:

- Positive means that a rating may be raised
- Negative means that a rating may be lowered
- Stable means a rating is not likely to change
- When the fundamental trend has strong, conflicting elements of both positive and negative, the Outlook/Watch can be denoted as Developing (for Scope, a Stable Outlook would be assigned in this case).

Credit Watches do not include a Stable Watch because they are only event driven and denote higher probability of change in the rating. Credit Outlooks and Watches are mutually exclusive.
percent
3.78
Aug/2024
monthly
4/2000 - 8/2024
The current yield on a 10 year government bond. The yield on these instruments is typical used as the representative interest rate for a country.
percent
13.36
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Tax revenue refers to compulsory transfers to the central government for public purposes. Certain compulsory transfers such as fines, penalties, and most social security contributions are excluded. Refunds and corrections of erroneously collected tax revenue are treated as negative revenue.
percent
46.10
2019
annual
2005  -  2019
Total tax rate measures the amount of taxes and mandatory contributions payable by businesses after accounting for allowable deductions and exemptions as a share of commercial profits. Taxes withheld (such as personal income tax) or collected and remitted to tax authorities (such as value added taxes, sales taxes or goods and service taxes) are excluded.
hours
230
2019
annual
2005  -  2019
Time to prepare and pay taxes is the time, in hours per year, it takes to prepare, file, and pay (or withhold) three major types of taxes: the corporate income tax, the value added or sales tax, and labor taxes, including payroll taxes and social security contributions.
taxes
8
2019
annual
2005  -  2019
Tax payments by businesses are the total number of taxes paid by businesses, including electronic filing. The tax is counted as paid once a year even if payments are more frequent.
percent
26.50
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Taxes on goods and services include general sales and turnover or value added taxes, selective excises on goods, selective taxes on services, taxes on the use of goods or property, taxes on extraction and production of minerals, and profits of fiscal monopolies.
percent
0.38
2004
annual
1993  -  2004
Taxes on international trade include import duties, export duties, profits of export or import monopolies, exchange profits, and exchange taxes.
percent
14.38
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Taxes on income, profits, and capital gains are levied on the actual or presumptive net income of individuals, on the profits of corporations and enterprises, and on capital gains, whether realized or not, on land, securities, and other assets. Intragovernmental payments are eliminated in consolidation.
million USD
278.66
2004
annual
1990  -  2004
Net official development assistance (ODA) consists of disbursements of loans made on concessional terms (net of repayments of principal) and grants by official agencies of the members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), by multilateral institutions, and by non-DAC countries to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients. It includes loans with a grant element of at least 25 percent (calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent). Net official aid refers to aid flows (net of repayments) from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. Data are in current U.S. dollars.



Forecast from the IMF
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
2.25
2028
annual
1996  -  2028
Year-on-year percent changes in constant price GDP. The base year is country-specific. Expenditure-based GDP is the total final expenditure at purchasers prices including the f.o.b. value of exports of goods and services, less the f.o.b. value of imports of goods and services. The series includes actual historical values for past years and forecast values for the current and the next few years.
percent
26.76
2028
annual
1995  -  2028
Expressed as a ratio of total investment in current local currency and GDP in current local currency. Investment or gross capital formation is measured by the total value of the gross fixed capital formation and changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables for a unit or sector. The series includes actual historical values for past years and forecast values for the current and the next few years.
percent
2.00
2028
annual
1996  -  2028
Year-on-year percentage changes in end-of-period consumer prices. The series includes actual historical values for past years and forecast values for the current and the next few years.
percent
2.40
2028
annual
1995  -  2028
The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labor force (the total number of people employed plus unemployed). The series includes actual historical values for past years and forecast values for the current and the next few years.
percent
-0.87
2028
annual
1995  -  2028
The structural budget balance refers to the general government cyclically adjusted balance adjusted for nonstructural elements beyond the economic cycle. These include temporary financial sector and asset price movements as well as one-off, or temporary, revenue or expenditure items. The cyclically adjusted balance is the fiscal balance adjusted for the effects of the economic cycle. The series includes actual historical values for past years and forecast values for the current and the next few years.
percent
1.55
2028
annual
1995  -  2028
The current account is all transactions other than those in financial and capital items. The major classifications are goods and services, income and current transfers. The series includes actual historical values for past years and forecast values for the current and the next few years.



Governance and business environment
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
points
1.10
2022
annual
1996  -  2022
The index for Rule of Law captures perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence.
points
1.09
2022
annual
1996  -  2022
The index of Government Effectiveness captures perceptions of the quality of public services, the quality of the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government's commitment to such policies.
points
0.66
2022
annual
1996  -  2022
The index for Control of Corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as capture of the state by elites and private interests.
points
1.39
2022
annual
1996  -  2022
The index of Regulatory Quality captures perceptions of the ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development.
points
1.04
2022
annual
1996  -  2022
The index for Voice and Accountability captures perceptions of the extent to which the citizens are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.
points
0.82
2022
annual
1996  -  2022
The index of Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism measures perceptions of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, including politically-motivated violence and terrorism. The index is an average of several other indexes from the Economist Intelligence Unit, the World Economic Forum, and the Political Risk Services, among others.
points
57
2023
annual
2001  -  2023
The Corruption Perceptions Index is an indicator of perceptions of public sector corruption, i.e. administrative and political corruption. The indicator values are determined by using information from surveys and assessments of corruption, collected by a variety of reputable institutions.
points
1
2024
annual
1993  -  2024
The Political Rights ratings from the Freedom House evaluate three categories: electoral process, political pluralism and participation, and the functioning of government. The index ranges from 1 (strong rights) to 7 (weak rights).
points
1
2024
annual
1993  -  2024
The Civil Liberties index from the Freedom House evaluate the following: freedom of expression and belief, associational and organizational rights, rule of law, and personal autonomy and individual rights. The rating ranges from 1 (strong liberties) to 7 (no liberties).
points
70.90
2019
annual
2018  -  2019
The Global Competitiveness index is composed of 12 pillars of competitiveness: Institutions, Infrastructure, ICT adoption, Macroeconomic stability, Health, Skills, Product market, Labor market, Financial system, market size, Business, dynamism, and Innovation capability.
percent of per capita GNI
1.10
2019
annual
2003  -  2019
The indicator includes all official fees and fees for legal or professional services if such services are required by law. The company law, the commercial code, and specific regulations and fee schedules are used as sources for calculating costs. The indicator excludes bribes.
percent
10.47
2015
annual
1991  -  2015
The shadow economy as percent of total annual GDP. Detailed methodology of the estimations can be obtained from the following International Monetary Fund working paper by Leandro Medina and Friedrich Schneider (2018): Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years? The series are discontinued but can still serve as a benchmark in calibration exercises.
percent
17.60
2020
annual
1993  -  2020
The MIMIC model of the World Bank uses the following variables as determinants of the informal economy: 1) size of government, 2) share of direct taxation, 3) fiscal freedom index, 4) business freedom index, 5) unemployment rate and GDP per capita, and 6) government effectiveness. It proposes that the following variables are affected by the informal economy: 1) growth rate of GDP per capita, 2) the labor force participation rate, and 3) currency as a ratio of M0. These variables are used in a Structural Equation Model (SEM) with a latent variable that is a measure of the size of the informal economy. See, for example, Schneider, Buehn, and Montenegro (International Economic Journal, 2010).
percent
16.70
2020
annual
1990  -  2020
This method of estimating the size of the informal economy is based on a Dynamic General Equilibrium model where economic agents can allocate time and effort in the formal and the informal sector. Their allocation decision is driven by model parameters such as government spending and taxation. The theoretical model is calibrated to arrive at a measure of the size of the informal economy. The estimate is put to further robustness tests. See Elgin and Oztunali (2012) for further methodological detail.



Political system
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
index points
0.853
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Measures the extent to which political power is gained and exercised through free and fair elections.
index points
0.784
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Measures the protection of individual rights and freedoms within a political system.
index points
0.565
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Measures the extent of citizen engagement and participation in public decision-making processes.
index points
0.740
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Measures the quality of public deliberation and discourse.
index points
0.772
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Measures the extent to which political power is distributed equally among different social groups.
index points
1.583
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Measures the constraint on government power through requirements for justification for its actions and potential sanctions.
index points
0.953
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Measures the government respect for press and media freedom, political discussion, and academic and cultural expression.
index points
0.174
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Composite index that measures corruption in the executive, legislative, and judicial realms. Higher values mean less corruption.
index points
0.936
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Measures fundamental civil liberties, women’s open discussion of political issues and participation in civil society organizations, and the representation of women in formal political positions.
index points
0.977
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Measures academics' rights to teach and discuss, carry out research, express freely their opinion with no censorship and the freedom to participate in professional or representative academic bodies.
1 elections, 0 otherwise
0.00
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Equal to 1 in presidential elections years and zero otherwise.
1 elections, 0 otherwise
0.00
2022
annual
1960  -  2022



Infrastructure and transport characteristics
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
84.54
2022
annual
1990  -  2022
Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc.
thousand subscribers
4003
2022
annual
2000  -  2022
Fixed broadband subscriptions refers to fixed subscriptions to high-speed access to the public Internet (a TCP/IP connection), at downstream speeds equal to, or greater than, 256 kbit/s. This includes cable modem, DSL, fiber-to-the-home/building, other fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions, satellite broadband and terrestrial fixed wireless broadband. This total is measured irrespective of the method of payment. It excludes subscriptions that have access to data communications (including the Internet) via mobile-cellular networks. It should include fixed WiMAX and any other fixed wireless technologies. It includes both residential subscriptions and subscriptions for organizations.
percent
38.15
2022
annual
2000  -  2022
Fixed broadband subscriptions refers to fixed subscriptions to high-speed access to the public Internet (a TCP/IP connection), at downstream speeds equal to, or greater than, 256 kbit/s. This includes cable modem, DSL, fiber-to-the-home/building, other fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions, satellite broadband and terrestrial fixed wireless broadband. This total is measured irrespective of the method of payment. It excludes subscriptions that have access to data communications (including the Internet) via mobile-cellular networks. It should include fixed WiMAX and any other fixed wireless technologies. It includes both residential subscriptions and subscriptions for organizations.
million subscribers
13.48
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service that provide access to the PSTN using cellular technology. The indicator includes (and is split into) the number of postpaid subscriptions, and the number of active prepaid accounts (i.e. that have been used during the last three months). The indicator applies to all mobile cellular subscriptions that offer voice communications. It excludes subscriptions via data cards or USB modems, subscriptions to public mobile data services, private trunked mobile radio, telepoint, radio paging and telemetry services.
subscribers per 100 people
128.41
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service that provide access to the PSTN using cellular technology. The indicator includes (and is split into) the number of postpaid subscriptions, and the number of active prepaid accounts (i.e. that have been used during the last three months). The indicator applies to all mobile cellular subscriptions that offer voice communications. It excludes subscriptions via data cards or USB modems, subscriptions to public mobile data services, private trunked mobile radio, telepoint, radio paging and telemetry services.
percent
99.80
2016
annual
2012  -  2016
Mobile network coverage measures the percentage of inhabitants who are within range of a mobile cellular signal, irrespective of whether or not they are subscribers. This is calculated by dividing the number of inhabitants within range of a mobile cellular signal by the total population.
kilobits per second
116.81
2016
annual
2012  -  2016
International Internet bandwidth is the sum of the capacity of all Internet exchanges offering international bandwidth measured in kilobits per second (kb/s).
million passengers
1.42
2021
annual
1970  -  2021
Air passengers carried include both domestic and international aircraft passengers of air carriers registered in the country.
km
9357
2021
annual
1995  -  2021
Rail lines are the length of railway route available for train service, irrespective of the number of parallel tracks.
metric tons times kilometers
16326
2021
annual
1995  -  2021
Goods transported by railway are the volume of goods transported by railway, measured in metric tons times kilometers traveled.
million passengers times km's
6820
2021
annual
1995  -  2021
Passengers carried by railway are the number of passengers transported by rail multiplied by kilometers traveled.
passenger cars
221419
2023
annual
2005  -  2023
The indicator estimates the number of new passenger car registrations and sales that took place within a country in a year. Passenger cars are road motor vehicles, other than a motor cycle, intended for the carriage of passengers and designed to seat no more than nine persons (including the driver).
commercial vehicles
34257
2023
annual
2005  -  2023
The indicator estimates the number of new commercial vehicle registrations and sales that took place within a country in a year. Commercial vehicles include light commercial vehicles, heavy trucks, coaches and buses (except for some countries in which the buses or heavy trucks data are not available).
points
3.90
2019
annual
2006  -  2019
The Road quality indicator is one of the components of the Global Competitiveness Index published annually by the World Economic Forum (WEF). It represents an assessment of the quality of roads in a given country based on data from the WEF Executive Opinion Survey, a long-running and extensive survey tapping the opinions of over 14,000 business leaders in 144 countries. The road quality indicator score is based on only one question. The respondents are asked to rate the roads in their country of operation on a scale from 1 (underdeveloped) to 7 (extensive and efficient by international standards). The individual responses are aggregated to produce a country score.
points
4.50
2019
annual
2009  -  2019
The Quality of railroad infrastrucutre indicator is one of the components of the Global Competitiveness Index published annually by the World Economic Forum (WEF). It represents an assessment of the quality of the railroad system in a given country based on data from the WEF Executive Opinion Survey, a long-running and extensive survey tapping the opinions of over 14,000 business leaders in 144 countries. The score for railroad infrastrucutre quality is based on only one question. The respondents are asked to rate the railroads in their country of operation on a scale from 1 (underdeveloped) to 7 (extensive and efficient by international standards). The individual responses are aggregated to produce a country score.
points
3.20
2019
annual
2006  -  2019
The Quality of port infrastrucutre indicator is one of the components of the Global Competitiveness Index published annually by the World Economic Forum (WEF). It represents an assessment of the quality of port facilities in a given country based on data from the WEF Executive Opinion Survey, a long-running and extensive survey tapping the opinions of over 14,000 business leaders in 144 countries. The score for port infrastrucutre quality is based on only one question. The respondents are asked to rate the port facilities and inland waterways in their country of operation on a scale from 1 (underdeveloped) to 7 (extensive and efficient by international standards). For landlocked countries, the respondents are asked to rate the access to port facilities and inland waterways on a scale from 1 (impossible) to 7 (easy). The individual responses are aggregated to produce a country score.
points
5.00
2019
annual
2006  -  2019
The Quality of air transport infrastructure indicator is one of the components of the Global Competitiveness Index published annually by the World Economic Forum (WEF). It represents an assessment of the quality of airports in a given country based on data from the WEF Executive Opinion Survey, a long-running and extensive survey tapping the opinions of over 14,000 business leaders in 144 countries. The score for air transport infrastructure quality is based on only one question. The respondents are asked to rate the passenger air transport in their country of operation on a scale from 1 (underdeveloped) to 7 (extensive and efficient by international standards). The individual responses are aggregated to produce a country score.



Energy and environment
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
dollars
1.17
2016
annual
1995  -  2016
Fuel prices refer to the pump prices of the most widely sold grade of gasoline. Prices have been converted from the local currency to U.S. dollars.
dollars
1.11
2016
annual
1995  -  2016
Fuel prices refer to the pump prices of the most widely sold grade of diesel fuel. Prices have been converted from the local currency to U.S. dollars.
kilograms of oil equivalent
3860.00
2015
annual
1971  -  2015
Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
percent
16.97
2020
annual
1990  -  2020
Renewable energy consumption is the share of renewables energy in total final energy consumption.
kilograms of oil equivalent
106.72
2015
annual
1990  -  2015
Energy use per PPP GDP is the kilogram of oil equivalent of energy use per constant PPP GDP. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to 2017 constant international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as a U.S. dollar has in the United States.
million kWh
7627.00
2015
annual
1971  -  2015
Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroelectric, includes geothermal, solar, tides, wind, biomass, and biofuels.
kt
88835
2020
annual
1990  -  2020
Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
metric tons
8.30
2020
annual
1990  -  2020
Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
kt of CO2 equivalent
108308
2020
annual
1990  -  2020
Total greenhouse gas emissions in kt of CO2 equivalent are composed of CO2 totals excluding short-cycle biomass burning (such as agricultural waste burning and savanna burning) but including other biomass burning (such as forest fires, post-burn decay, peat fires and decay of drained peatlands), all anthropogenic CH4 sources, N2O sources and F-gases (HFCs, PFCs and SF6).
GDP per kg of oil equivalent
8.78
2015
annual
1990  -  2015
GDP per unit of energy use is the PPP GDP per kilogram of oil equivalent of energy use. PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to 2011 constant international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as a U.S. dollar has in the United States.
percent
31.62
2015
annual
1971  -  2015
Net energy imports are estimated as energy use less production, both measured in oil equivalents. A negative value indicates that the country is a net exporter. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
percent
0.39
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
Total natural resources rents are the sum of oil rents, natural gas rents, coal rents (hard and soft), mineral rents, and forest rents.
percent
0.01
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
Oil rents are the difference between the value of crude oil production at regional prices and total costs of production.
percent
0.01
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
Natural gas rents are the difference between the value of natural gas production at regional prices and total costs of production.
percent
100.00
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources.



Industry: Oil, coal, and electricity
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
billion barrels
0.02
2021
annual
1996  -  2021
Proved reserves of crude oil are the estimated quantities of all liquids defined as crude oil, which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.
thousand Barrels Per Day
1.39
2023
annual
1994  -  2023
Oil production, thousand barrels per day
thousand barrels per day
200.00
2014
annual
1993  -  2014
Oil consumption (Total petroleum consumption) includes internal consumption, refinery fuel and loss, and bunkering. Also included, where available, is direct combustion of crude oil.
thousand barrels per day
106.63
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Annual consumption of distillate fuel oils which consist of two main categories: diesel fuel and heating oil.
thousand barrels per day
34.87
2014
annual
1993  -  2014
Gasoline production includes production of: conventional gasoline; all types of oxygenated gasoline, including gasohol; and reformulated gasoline; but excludes production of aviation gasoline. Volumetric data on blending components, such as oxygenates, are not counted in data on finished motor gasoline until the blending components are blended into the gasoline.
thousand barrels per day
38.69
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Gasoline consumption includes the consumption of: conventional gasoline; all types of oxygenated gasoline, including gasohol; and reformulated gasoline; but excludes the consumption of aviation gasoline. Volumetric data on blending components, such as oxygenates, are not counted in the data on finished motor gasoline until the blending components are blended into the gasoline.
thousand barrels per day
6.61
2014
annual
1993  -  2014
Liquefied petroleum gases include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, isobutane, and isobutylene. The Liquefied Petroleum Gases production also includes, where data are available, liquefied petroleum gases sold directly from natural gas processing plants for fuel or chemical uses and pentanes plus.
thousand barrels per day
12.81
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Liquefied petroleum gases include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, isobutane, and isobutylene. The Liquefied Petroleum Gases consumption also includes, where data are available, liquefied petroleum gases sold directly from natural gas processing plants for fuel or chemical uses and pentanes plus.
thousand barrels per day
3.45
2014
annual
1993  -  2014
The indicator estimates the volume of jet fuel produced within a country expressed in thousand barrels per day. Jet fuel is a refined petroleum product used in jet aircraft engines and it includes kerosene-type jet fuel and naphtha-type jet fuel.
thousand barrels per day
7.58
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
The indicator estimates the volume of jet fuel consumed within a country expressed in thousand barrels per day. Jet fuel is a refined petroleum product used in jet aircraft engines and it includes kerosene-type jet fuel and naphtha-type jet fuel.
million short tons
3962.80
2022
annual
2008  -  2022
Proven reserves of coal in million short tons. A short ton equals exactly 2,000 pounds or 907.18 kilograms.
thousand short tons
38659.44
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Total primary coal production (Coal includes anthracite, subanthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, brown coal, and oil shale.)
thousand short tons
42144.40
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Coal consumption includes anthracite, subanthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, brown coal, and oil shale. It also includes net imports of metallurgical coke.
thousand short tons
4718.10
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Amount of foreign coal shipped to the country.
thousand short tons
2185.21
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Amount of coal shipped to foreign destinations.
million kilowatts
21.91
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Total Electricity Installed Capacity (Million Kilowatts)
billion kilowatthours
79.02
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Total electricity net generation (Net generation excludes the energy consumed by the generating units)
billion kilowatthours
62.08
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Total Electricity Net Consumption = total net electricity generation + electricity imports - electricity exports – electricity transmission and distribution losses. Net consumption excludes the energy consumed by the generating units.
billion kilowatthours
16.73
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Annual import of electricity in billion kWh.
billion kilowatthours
30.25
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Annual export of electricity in billion kWh.
million kilowatts
4.93
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Total capacity to produce electricity from renewable resources in million kilowatts.
billion kilowatthours
10.02
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Total Renewables Electricity Net Generation (Net generation excludes the energy consumed by the generating units and also excludes generation from hydroelectric pumped storage)



Energy mix
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
million kilowatts
11.87
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Installed capacity to produce electricity from fossil fuels including oil, coal, and natural gas.
billion kilowatthours
38.26
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Billion kilowatthours of electricity generated from fossil fuels including oil, coal, and natural gas.
million kilowatts
0.34
2022
annual
2000  -  2022
Installed capacity to produce electricity from wind in million kilowatts.
billion kilowatthours
0.63
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Billion kilowatthours of electricity generated from wind.
million kilowatts
2.63
2022
annual
2000  -  2022
Installed capacity to produce electricity from sunlight in million kilowatts.
billion kilowatthours
2.45
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Billion kilowatthours of electricity generated from sunlight.
million kilowatts
1.11
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Installed capacity to produce hydroelectricity in million kilowatts.
billion kilowatthours
2.06
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Hydroelectric generation excludes generation from hydroelectric pumped storage.
million kilowatts
3.93
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Installed capacity to produce hydroelectricity in million kilowatts.
billion kilowatthours
31.02
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Nuclear electricity net generation (Net generation excludes the energy consumed by the generating units)
million kilowatts
0.00
2022
annual
2000  -  2022
Installed capacity to produce geothermal electricity in million kilowatts.
billion kilowatthours
0.00
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Billion kilowatthours of geothermal electricity generated.



Agriculture sector
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
34.7
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and gardens.
percent
45.73
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.
percent
2.53
2022
annual
1991  -  2022
Employment is defined as persons of working age who were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit, whether at work during the reference period or not at work due to temporary absence from a job, or to working-time arrangement. The agriculture sector consists of activities in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing, in accordance with division 1 (ISIC 2) or categories A-B (ISIC 3) or category A (ISIC 4).
percent
1.61
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing corresponds to ISIC divisions 1-3 and includes forestry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 4. Note: For VAB countries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator.
billion USD
5.32
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Agriculture corresponds to International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) divisions 1-5, while the origin of value added is determined by the ISIC, revision 3. Agriculture value added is the net output of the agriculture sector, including forestry, hunting and fishing, and cultivation of crops and livestock production, after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. Deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets and depletion and degradation of natural resources are not included in the calculation. Values are in billion U.S. dollars.
sq. km.
35298
2021
annual
1961  -  2021
Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.
index points
94.0
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Crop production index shows agricultural production for each year relative to the base period 2014-2016. It includes all crops except fodder crops. Regional and income group aggregates for the FAO's production indexes are calculated from the underlying values in international dollars, normalized to the base period 2014-2016.
mm per year
677
2020
annual
1993  -  2020
Average precipitation is the long-term average in depth (over space and time) of annual precipitation in the country. Precipitation is defined as any kind of water that falls from clouds as a liquid or a solid.
percent
32.1
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
kg per hectar
5930
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded. The FAO allocates production data to the calendar year in which the bulk of the harvest took place. Most of a crop harvested near the end of a year will be used in the following year.
index points
97.7
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Food production index covers food crops that are considered edible and that contain nutrients. Coffee and tea are excluded because, although edible, they have no nutritive value.
kg per hectare of arable land
148.6
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Fertilizer consumption measures the quantity of plant nutrients used per unit of arable land. Fertilizer products cover nitrogenous, potash, and phosphate fertilizers (including ground rock phosphate). Traditional nutrients--animal and plant manures--are not included. For the purpose of data dissemination, FAO has adopted the concept of a calendar year (January to December). Some countries compile fertilizer data on a calendar year basis, while others are on a split-year basis. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
index points
102.3
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Livestock production index includes meat and milk from all sources, dairy products such as cheese, and eggs, honey, raw silk, wool, and hides and skins.
sq. km
26789.0
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and gardens.



Banking system access and depth
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
ATMs per 100,000 adults
59.01
2021
annual
2004  -  2021
Number of ATMs per 100,000 adults. Automated teller machines are computerized telecommunications devices that provide clients of a financial institution with access to financial transactions in a public place.
bank branches
18.30
2020
annual
2004  -  2020
Number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults.
percent
34.00
2019
annual
2009  -  2019
Percentage of firms using banks to finance purchases of fixed assets.
percent
40.80
2019
annual
2009  -  2019
Percentage of small firms (5-19 workers) in the formal sector with a line of credit or a loan from a (formal) financial institution, such as a bank, credit union, microfinance institution, or cooperative.
percent
29.85
2021
annual
2011  -  2021
The percentage of respondents with a credit card (% age 15+). The data are from the World bank Global Financial Inclusion survey.
percent
89.05
2021
annual
2011  -  2021
The percentage of respondents with a debit card (% age 15+). Data are from the World Bank Global Financial Inclusion survey.
percent
53.21
2020
annual
1993  -  2020
Domestic credit to private sector refers to financial resources provided to the private sector, such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises.
percent
49.76
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Domestic credit to private sector by banks refers to financial resources provided to the private sector by other depository corporations (deposit taking corporations except central banks), such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises.
percent
91.67
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Ratio of liquid liabilities to GDP. Liquid liabilities are also known as broad money, or M3. They are the sum of currency and deposits in the central bank (M0), plus transferable deposits and electronic currency (M1), plus time and savings deposits, foreign currency transferable deposits, certificates of deposit, and securities repurchase agreements (M2), plus travelers checks, foreign currency time deposits, commercial paper, and shares of mutual funds or market funds held by residents.
percent
70.79
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Total assets held by deposit money banks as a share of GDP. Assets include claims on domestic real nonfinancial sector which includes central, state and local governments, nonfinancial public enterprises and private sector. Deposit money banks comprise commercial banks and other financial institutions that accept transferable deposits, such as demand deposits.
percent
80.36
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Demand, time and saving deposits in deposit money banks and other financial institutions as a share of GDP.
percent
14.98
2020
annual
1993  -  2020
Bank credit is the amount of credit available to the government sector. It consists of the total amount of combined funds that are provided to the government by the bank sector.
percent
63.22
2021
annual
2000  -  2021
Raw data are from Bankscope. (Sum(data2025) for three largest banks in Bankscope) / (Sum(data2025) for all banks in Bankscope). Only reported if number of banks in Bankscope is 3 or more. Calculated from underlying bank-by-bank unconsolidated data from Bankscope.
percent of total bank assets
85.00
2013
annual
2005  -  2013
Percentage of the total banking assets that are held by foreign banks. A foreign bank is a bank where 50 percent or more of its shares are owned by foreigners.
percent
94.94
2021
annual
2011  -  2021
The percentage of respondents with an account (self or together with someone else) at a bank, credit union, another financial institution (e.g., cooperative, microfinance institution), or the post office (if applicable) including respondents who reported having a debit card (% age 15+).



Banking system efficiency and stability
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
interest rate points
3.04
2020
annual
1993  -  2020
Difference between the lending rate and the deposit rate. The lending rate is the rate charged by banks on loans to the private sector and the deposit interest rate is the rate offered by commercial banks on three-month deposits.
percent
50.49
2021
annual
2000  -  2021
Operating expenses of a bank as a share of the sum of net-interest revenue and other operating income. The numerator and denominator are first aggregated on the country level before division. Note that banks used in the calculation might differ between indicators. Calculated from underlying bank-by-bank unconsolidated data from Bankscope.
percent
1.46
2022
annual
2008  -  2022
Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans are the value of nonperforming loans divided by the total value of the loan portfolio (including nonperforming loans before the deduction of specific loan-loss provisions). The loan amount recorded as nonperforming should be the gross value of the loan as recorded on the balance sheet, not just the amount that is overdue.
percent
1.19
2021
annual
2000  -  2021
Operating expenses of a bank as a share of the value of all assets held. Total assets include total earning assets, cash and due from banks, foreclosed real estate, fixed assets, goodwill, other intangibles, current tax assets, deferred tax assets, discontinued operations and other assets. The numerator and denominator are first aggregated on the country level before division. Note that banks used in the calculation might differ between indicators. Calculated from underlying bank-by-bank unconsolidated data from Bankscope.
percent
1.90
2021
annual
2000  -  2021
Accounting value of bank's net interest revenue as a share of its average interest-bearing (total earning) assets. The numerator and denominator are aggregated on the country level before division. Note that banks used in the calculation might differ between indicators. Calculated from underlying bank-by-bank unconsolidated data from Bankscope.
percent
66.71
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
The financial resources provided to the private sector by domestic money banks as a share of total deposits. Domestic money banks comprise commercial banks and other financial institutions that accept transferable deposits, such as demand deposits. Total deposits include demand, time and saving deposits in deposit money banks.
percent
22.11
2020
annual
1998  -  2020
The capital adequacy of deposit takers. It is a ratio of total regulatory capital to its assets held, weighted according to the risk of those assets.
percent
1.07
2021
annual
2000  -  2021
Commercial banks’ pre-tax income to yearly averaged total assets. The numerator and denominator are first aggregated on the country level before division. Note that banks used in the calculation might differ between indicators. Calculated from underlying bank-by-bank unconsolidated data from Bankscope.
percent
11.21
2021
annual
2000  -  2021
Commercial banks’ pre-tax income to yearly averaged equity. The numerator and denominator are first aggregated on the country level before division. Note that banks used in the calculation might differ between indicators. Calculated from underlying bank-by-bank unconsolidated data from Bankscope.
index points
10.34
2021
annual
2000  -  2021
The index captures the probability of default of a country's banking system. Z-score compares the buffer of a country's banking system (capitalization and returns) with the volatility of those returns. It is estimated as (ROA+(equity/assets))/sd(ROA); sd(ROA) is the standard deviation of ROA. ROA, equity, and assets are country-level aggregate figures. Calculated from underlying bank-by-bank unconsolidated data from Bankscope.
percent
35.42
2021
annual
2000  -  2021
The ratio of the value of liquid assets (easily converted to cash) to short-term funding plus total deposits. Liquid assets include cash and due from banks, trading securities and at fair value through income, loans and advances to banks, reverse repos and cash collaterals. Deposits and short term funding includes total customer deposits (current, savings and term) and short term borrowing (money market instruments, CDs and other deposits).
percent
7.38
2020
annual
1999  -  2020
Ratio of bank capital and reserves to total assets. Capital and reserves include funds contributed by owners, retained earnings, general and special reserves, provisions, and valuation adjustments. Capital includes tier 1 capital (paid-up shares and common stock), which is a common feature in all countries' banking systems, and total regulatory capital, which includes several specified types of subordinated debt instruments that need not be repaid if the funds are required to maintain minimum capital levels (these comprise tier 2 and tier 3 capital). Total assets include all nonfinancial and financial assets. Reported by IMF staff. Note that due to differences in national accounting, taxation, and supervisory regimes, these data are not strictly comparable across countries.
percent
28.98
2021
annual
2000  -  2021
Bank’s income that has been generated by noninterest related activities as a percentage of total income (net-interest income plus noninterest income). Noninterest related income includes net gains on trading and derivatives, net gains on other securities, net fees and commissions and other operating income. The number is only calculated when net-interest income is not negative. Note that banks used in the calculation might differ between indicators. Calculated from underlying bank-by-bank unconsolidated data from Bankscope.
percent
4.68
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Lending rate is the bank rate that usually meets the short- and medium-term financing needs of the private sector. This rate is normally differentiated according to creditworthiness of borrowers and objectives of financing. The terms and conditions attached to these rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.
percent
-3.57
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator. The terms and conditions attached to lending rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.
points
7.00
2019
annual
2013  -  2019
The strength of legal rights index measures whether certain features that facilitate lending exist within the appli­cable collateral and bankruptcy laws. The index ranges from 0 to 12 based on the methodology in the Doing Business 15-20 studies.
points
7.00
2019
annual
2013  -  2019
Depth of credit information index measures rules affecting the scope, accessibility, and quality of credit information available through public or private credit registries. The index ranges from 0 to 8, with higher values indicating the availability of more credit information, from either a public registry or a private bureau, to facilitate lending decisions.



Stock market, insurance, pensions
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
9.91
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding (including their several classes) for listed domestic companies. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal is to hold shares of other listed companies are excluded. Data are end of year values.
billion USD
28.81
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding (including their several classes) for listed domestic companies. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal is to hold shares of other listed companies are excluded. Data are end of year values.
percent
19.63
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Turnover ratio is the value of domestic shares traded divided by their market capitalization. The value is annualized by multiplying the monthly average by 12.
companies
24
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Listed domestic companies, including foreign companies which are exclusively listed, are those which have shares listed on an exchange at the end of the year. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal is to hold shares of other listed companies, such as holding companies and investment companies, regardless of their legal status, are excluded. A company with several classes of shares is counted once. Only companies admitted to listing on the exchange are included.
percent
1.95
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
The value of shares traded is the total number of shares traded, both domestic and foreign, multiplied by their respective matching prices. Figures are single counted (only one side of the transaction is considered). Companies admitted to listing and admitted to trading are included in the data. Data are end of year values.
percent
29.28
2021
annual
1995  -  2021
Stock market return is the growth rate of annual average stock market index. Annual average stock market index is constructed by taking the average of the daily stock market indexes available at Bloomberg.
percent
19.46
2021
annual
1995  -  2021
The stock price volatility index is the 360-day standard deviation of the return on the national stock market index.
percent
7.35
2020
annual
2000  -  2020
Ratio of assets of mutual funds to GDP. A mutual fund is a type of managed collective investment scheme that pools money from many investors to purchase securities. Data taken from a variety of sources such as Investment Company Institute and national sources.
percent
0.90
2020
annual
1993  -  2020
Ratio of life insurance premium volume to GDP. Premium volume is the insurer's direct premiums earned (if Property/Casualty) or received (if Life/Health) during the previous calendar year. Premium data are taken from various issues of Sigma reports (Swiss Re). Data on GDP in US dollars is from the electronic version of the World Development Indicators.
percent
1.66
2020
annual
1993  -  2020
Ratio of non-life insurance premium volume to GDP. Premium volume is the insurer's direct premiums earned (if Property/Casualty) or received (if Life/Health) during the previous calendar year. Premium data are taken from various issues of Sigma reports (Swiss Re). Data on GDP in US dollars is from the electronic version of the World Development Indicators.
percent
9.52
2020
annual
2001  -  2020
Ratio of assets of pension funds to GDP. A pension fund is any plan, fund, or scheme that provides retirement income. Data taken from a variety of sources such as OECD, AIOS, FIAP and national sources.
percent
8.66
2020
annual
2000  -  2020
Ratio of assets of insurance companies to GDP. Data taken from a variety of sources such as AXCO and national sources.
points
157.30
Aug/2024
monthly
1/1994 - 8/2024
Stock market indices are weighted averages of the prices of the shares traded on an exchange. In countries with multiple stock markets, the values show the index of the largest stock exchange in terms of capitalization.



Financial development
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
index points
0.317
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
An index for overall financial development based on the two subindexes for financial institutions development and financial markets development. See the indicator menu and Svirydzenka, Katsiaryna (IMF, 2016) for more detail.
index points
0.519
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
An index for overall financial institutions development based on the three subindexes for depth, access, and efficiency from the indictors menu. See Svirydzenka, Katsiaryna (IMF, 2016) for more detail.
index points
0.285
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
Measures the development of financial institutions in terms of depth. Constructed as a principal component of the following variables: Private-sector credit to GDP; Pension fund assets to GDP; Mutual fund assets to GDP; and Insurance premiums, life and non-life, to GDP. See Svirydzenka, Katsiaryna (IMF, 2016) for more detail.
index points
0.463
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
Measures access to financial services as a principal component of the following two variables: Bank branches per 100,000 adults and ATMs per 100,000 adults. See Svirydzenka, Katsiaryna (IMF, 2016) for more detail.
index points
0.724
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
Measures the efficiency of financial institutions. Constructed using the Principal Component methodology using the following variables: Net interest margin, Lending-deposits spread, Non-interest income to total income, Overhead costs to total assets, Return on assets, and Return on equity. See Svirydzenka, Katsiaryna (IMF, 2016) for more detail.
index points
0.103
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
An index for overall financial markets development based on the three subindexes for depth, access, and efficiency listed on the indictors menu. See Svirydzenka, Katsiaryna (IMF, 2016) for more detail.
index points
0.073
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
Measures the depth (size) of financial markets using the principal component methodology with the following variables: Stock market capitalization to GDP; Stocks traded to GDP; International debt securities of government to GDP; Total debt securities of financial corporations to GDP; and Total debt securities of nonfinancial corporations to GDP. See Svirydzenka, Katsiaryna (IMF, 2016) for more detail.
index points
0.040
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
Measures access to the financial markets using principal components methodology with these variables: Percent of market capitalization outside of top 10 largest companies and Total number of issuers of debt (domestic and external, nonfinancial and financial corporations). See Svirydzenka, Katsiaryna (IMF, 2016) for more detail.
index points
0.196
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
Measures the efficiency of financial markets using the following variable: Stock market turnover ratio (stocks traded to capitalization). See Svirydzenka, Katsiaryna (IMF, 2016) for more detail.



Innovation measures
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
points
44.83
2023
annual
2011  -  2023
The Global Innovation Index includes two sub-indices: the Innovation Input Sub-Index and the Innovation Output Sub-Index. The first sub-index is based on five pillars: Institutions, Human capital and research, Infrastructure, Market sophistication, and Business sophistication. The second sub-index is based on two pillars: Knowledge and technology outputs and Creative outputs. Each pillar is divided into sub-pillars and each sub-pillar is composed of individual indicators. The full report, data, and documentation are available at global innovation index.
percent
2.00
2021
annual
1996  -  2021
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
percent
15.51
2021
annual
2000  -  2021
Information and communication technology goods exports include computers and peripheral equipment, communication equipment, consumer electronic equipment, electronic components, and other information and technology goods (miscellaneous).
million USD
45217.94
2022
annual
2007  -  2022
High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
percent
21.21
2022
annual
2007  -  2022
High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery.
patent applications
541
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.



Economic freedom indexes
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
points
89
2024
annual
1995  -  2024
The property rights index measures the degree to which a country’s laws protect private property rights and the degree to which its government enforces those laws. It also assesses the likelihood that private property will be expropriated and analyzes the independence of the judiciary, the existence of corruption within the judiciary, and the ability of individuals and businesses to enforce contracts. Higher index values denote more certain legal protection of property.
points
61
2024
annual
1995  -  2024
The score for the Freedom of corruption index is derived primarily from Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index. For countries that are not covered in the CPI the freedom from corruption score is determined by using information from internationally recognized and reliable sources. Higher index values denote lower level of corruption.
points
59
2024
annual
1995  -  2024
The Fiscal freedom index measures the tax burden imposed by government. It is composed of three quantitative factors: the top marginal tax rate on individual income, the top marginal tax rate on corporate income, and the total tax burden as a percentage of GDP.
points
77
2024
annual
1995  -  2024
The Business freedom index is based on 10 indicators, using data from the World Bank’s Doing Business study: Starting a business-procedures (number), time (days), cost (% of income per capita), and minimum capital (% of income per capita); Obtaining a license—procedures (number), time (days), and cost (% of income per capita); Closing a business—time (years), cost (% of estate), and recovery rate (cents on the dollar).
points
59
2024
annual
2005  -  2024
The Labor freedom index is composed of six quantitative factors: ratio of minimum wage to the average value added per worker, hindrance to hiring additional workers, rigidity of hours, difficulty of firing redundant employees, legally mandated notice period, and mandatory severance pay. The index is based on data collected in connection with the World Bank’s Doing Business study.
points
68.80
2024
annual
1995  -  2024
The score for the Monetary freedom index is based on two factors: the weighted average inflation rate for the most recent three years and price controls. Higher index values denote price stability without microeconomic intervention.
points
79
2024
annual
1995  -  2024
The Trade freedom index is based on two indicators: the trade-weighted average tariff rate and non-tariff barriers (including quantity, price, regulatory, customs and investment restrictions, and direct government intervention).
points
70
2024
annual
1995  -  2024
The Investment freedom index evaluates a variety of investment restrictions (burdensome bureaucracy, restrictions on land ownership, expropriation of investments without fair compensation, foreign exchange controls, capital control, security problems, a lack of basic investment infrastructure, etc.). Points are deducted from the ideal score of 100 for each of the restrictions found in a country’s investment regime.
points
80
2024
annual
1995  -  2024
The Financial freedom index evaluates: the extent of government regulation of financial services, the degree of state intervention in banks and other financial firms through direct and indirect ownership, the extent of financial and capital market development, government influence on the allocation of credit and openness to foreign competition. Higher index values denote banking efficiency and independence from government control and interference in the financial sector.
index points
70
2024
annual
1995  -  2024
The Overall index of economic freedom has ten components grouped into four broad categories: Rule of Law; Limited Government; Regulatory Efficiency and Open Markets. The overall economic freedom is scored on a scale of 0 to 100, where 100 represents the maximum freedom.



Demographics
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
million
10.87
2023
annual
1960  -  2023
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
percent
74.55
2023
annual
1960  -  2023
Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. The data are collected and smoothed by United Nations Population Division.
people per square km
136
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.
percent
20.79
2023
annual
1960  -  2023
Population ages 65 and above as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.
percent
15.79
2023
annual
1960  -  2023
Total population below the age of 14 as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.
percent
50.69
2023
annual
1960  -  2023
Female population is the percentage of the population that is female. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.
percent
25.45
2023
annual
1960  -  2023
Rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.
percent
57.72
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.
refugees
377120
2023
annual
1991  -  2023
Refugees are people who are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, people recognized as refugees in accordance with the UNHCR statute, people granted refugee-like humanitarian status, and people provided temporary protection. Asylum seekers--people who have applied for asylum or refugee status and who have not yet received a decision or who are registered as asylum seekers--are excluded. Palestinian refugees are people (and their descendants) whose residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948 and who lost their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Country of asylum is the country where an asylum claim was filed and granted.
percent
4
2015
annual
1990  -  2015
International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.
percent
1.87
2023
annual
1961  -  2023
Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage . Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.



Health spending and outcomes
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
USD
2119.85
2020
annual
2000  -  2020
Current expenditures on health per capita in current US dollars. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year.
percent
9.24
2020
annual
2000  -  2020
Level of current health expenditure expressed as a percentage of GDP. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. This indicator does not include capital health expenditures such as buildings, machinery, IT and stocks of vaccines for emergency or outbreaks.
years
79.03
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
years
82.00
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
years
76.20
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
births per 1000 people
10.60
2021
annual
1960  -  2021
Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.
deaths per 1000 people
11.30
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.
births per woman
1.62
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with age-specific fertility rates of the specified year.
percent
0.10
2022
annual
1990  -  2022
Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15-49 who are infected with HIV.
cases per 100,000 people
4.20
2022
annual
2000  -  2022
Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new and relapse tuberculosis cases arising in a given year, expressed as the rate per 100,000 population. All forms of TB are included, including cases in people living with HIV. Estimates for all years are recalculated as new information becomes available and techniques are refined, so they may differ from those published previously.
percent
7.10
2021
annual
2000  -  2021
Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is calculated by adjusting to a standard population age-structure.
percent
18.70
2019
annual
2000  -  2019
Prevalence of anemia, children ages 6-59 months, is the percentage of children ages 6-59 months whose hemoglobin level is less than 110 grams per liter, adjusted for altitude.
percent
2.50
2021
annual
2001  -  2021
Prevalence of undernourishments is the percentage of the population whose habitual food consumption is insufficient to provide the dietary energy levels that are required to maintain a normal active and healthy life. Data showing as 2.5 may signify a prevalence of undernourishment below 2.5%.
percent
97.7
2022
annual
2000  -  2022
The percentage of people using drinking water from an improved source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from faecal and priority chemical contamination. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.
percent
98.0
2022
annual
2000  -  2022
Access to an improved water source, urban, refers to the percentage of the urban population using an improved drinking water source. The improved drinking water source includes piped water on premises (piped household water connection located inside the users' dwelling, plot or yard), and other improved drinking water sources (public taps or standpipes, tube wells or boreholes, protected dug wells, protected springs, and rainwater collection).
suicides per 100,000 people
12.20
2019
annual
2000  -  2019
Suicide mortality rate is the number of suicide deaths in a year per 100,000 population.
percent
94
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Child immunization, DPT, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received DPT vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against diphtheria, pertussis (or whooping cough), and tetanus (DPT) after receiving three doses of vaccine.
percent
94
2022
annual
2002  -  2022
Child immunization rate, hepatitis B is the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received hepatitis B vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized after three doses.
percent
97
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Child immunization, measles, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received the measles vaccination before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine.
deaths per 100,000 people
5.90
2019
annual
2000  -  2019
Mortality caused by road traffic injury is estimated road traffic fatal injury deaths per 100,000 population.



Covid pandemic
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
new Covid cases
23713
Mar/2023
monthly
2/2020 - 3/2023
The number of new confirmed COVID cases per month.
new Covid cases per million people
2260
Mar/2023
monthly
2/2020 - 3/2023
New confirmed Covid cases per million people during a month.
total Covid cases
4633580
Mar/2023
monthly
3/2020 - 3/2023
The total number of Covid cases at the end of month.
cases per million
441546
Mar/2023
monthly
3/2020 - 3/2023
Total Covid cases per million people at the end of month.
new Covid tests
117956
Jun/2022
monthly
6/2020 - 6/2022
The number of new COVID tests made per month.
new Covid tests per thousand people
11
Jun/2022
monthly
6/2020 - 6/2022
New Covid tests per thousand people during a month.
total Covid tests
54600000
Jun/2022
monthly
6/2020 - 6/2022
Total tests for Covid at the end of month.
total tests per thousand people
5193
Jun/2022
monthly
6/2020 - 6/2022
Total Covid tests per thousand people at the end of month.
new Covid vaccinations
4699
Mar/2023
monthly
12/2020 - 3/2023
The number of new Covid vaccinations per month.
total Covid vaccinations
18600000
Mar/2023
monthly
12/2020 - 3/2023
Total vaccinations for Covid at the end of month.
Covid vaccinations per hundred people
177.45
Mar/2023
monthly
12/2020 - 3/2023
Total Covid vaccinations per hundred people.
total people vaccinated
6976099
Mar/2023
monthly
12/2020 - 3/2023
Total people vaccinated against Covid at the end of month.
Covid vaccinated people per hundred people
66.48
Mar/2023
monthly
12/2020 - 3/2023
Total people vaccinated against Covid per hundred people.
total fully-vaccinated people
6892683
Mar/2023
monthly
12/2020 - 3/2023
Total fully-vaccinated people against Covid.
Covid fully vaccinated people per hundred people
65.68
Mar/2023
monthly
12/2020 - 3/2023
Covid fully vaccinated people per hundred people.
new deaths from Covid
205
Mar/2023
monthly
2/2020 - 3/2023
The number of confirmed new deaths from Covid during a month.
new Covid deaths per million people
20
Mar/2023
monthly
2/2020 - 3/2023
New confirmed deaths from Covid per million people during a month.
total Covid deaths
42660
Mar/2023
monthly
3/2020 - 3/2023
The total number of deaths from Covid at the end of month.
total Covid deaths
4065
Mar/2023
monthly
3/2020 - 3/2023
Total Covid deaths per million people.
rate
0.71
Jan/2023
monthly
3/2020 - 1/2023
The expected number of Covid cases directly generated by one Covid case in a population.
index
11
Dec/2022
monthly
2/2020 - 12/2022
The index varies between 0 and 100 that records the strictness of government policies regarding Covid-19 pandemic. (0 - lowest strictness, 100 - highest strictness).
rate
0.07
Jun/2022
monthly
6/2020 - 6/2022
Share of total COVID-19 tests that were positive.



Child and maternal mortality
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
deaths per 100,000 births
3
2020
annual
2000  -  2020
Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes while pregnant or within 42 days of pregnancy termination per 100,000 live births. The data are estimated with a regression model using information on the proportion of maternal deaths among non-AIDS deaths in women ages 15-49, fertility, birth attendants, and GDP measured using purchasing power parities (PPPs).
deaths per 1000 births
1
2022
annual
1982  -  2022
Neonatal mortality rate is the number of neonates dying before reaching 28 days of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.
deaths per 1000 births
3
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
deaths per 1000 births
2
2021
annual
1981  -  2021
Under-five mortality rate, female is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn female baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to female age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
deaths per 1000 births
3
2022
annual
1960  -  2022
Under-five mortality rate, male is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn male baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to male age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
deaths per 1000 births
0
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
Probability of dying between age 5-9 years of age expressed per 1,000 children aged 5, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.



Healthcare resources
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
hospital beds
69490
2020
annual
1980  -  2020
The total number of hospital beds in the country.
hospital beds
6.50
2020
annual
1980  -  2020
The number of hospital beds per 1,000 residents of the country.
nurse to bed ratio
0.89
2019
annual
2004  -  2019
The ratio of the number of professional and associate professional nurses to the number of hospital beds.
doctors per 1,000 people
4.10
2020
annual
1970  -  2020
The number of practicing physicians per 1,000 residents of the country.
nurses per 1,000 people
8.66
2020
annual
1980  -  2020
Number of professional and associate professional nurses per 1,000 residents of the country.
midwives per 1,000 people
0.40
2020
annual
1980  -  2020
The number of practicing midwives per 1,000 residents of the country.
midwives per 1,000 live births
38.55
2020
annual
1980  -  2020
The number of practicing midwives per 1,000 live births.
dentists per 1,000 people
0.74
2020
annual
1980  -  2020
The number of practicing dentists per 1,000 residents of the country.
pharmacists per 1,000 people
0.71
2020
annual
1980  -  2020
The number of practicing pharmacists per 1,000 residents of the country.
physiotherapists per 1,000 people
0.88
2020
annual
1980  -  2020
The number of practicing physiotherapists per 1,000 residents of the country.
scanners per million people
16.26
2020
annual
1991  -  2020
The number of computed tomography scanners per million residents of the country.
MRI units per million people
11.03
2020
annual
1991  -  2020
The number of magnetic resonance imaging units per million residents of the country.
mammographs per million people
10.56
2020
annual
1991  -  2020
The number of mammographs per million residents of the country.



Inequality and poverty
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
index points
26.20
2021
annual
1992  -  2021
Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.
percent
10.20
2021
annual
2004  -  2021
National poverty headcount ratio is the percentage of the population living below the national poverty line(s). National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys. For economies for which the data are from EU-SILC, the reported year is the income reference year, which is the year before the survey year.
percent
0.10
2021
annual
1992  -  2021
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $2.15 a day at 2017 purchasing power adjusted prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.
percent
0.30
2021
annual
1992  -  2021
Poverty headcount ratio at $6.85 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $6.85 a day at 2017 international prices.
percent
22.20
2021
annual
1992  -  2021
Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles.



Education spending and outcomes
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
5.05
2021
annual
1992  -  2021
General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.
percent
10.88
2021
annual
1995  -  2021
General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on all sectors (including health, education, social services, etc.). It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.
students per teacher
18.93
2013
annual
1971  -  2013
Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary school.
percent
98.36
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.
years
6
2022
annual
1970  -  2022
Primary school starting age is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
percent
1.00
2020
annual
1971  -  2020
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
percent
1.01
2020
annual
1971  -  2020
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in secondary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
percent
1.28
2021
annual
1971  -  2021
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in tertiary education is the ratio of women to men enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
percent
113.53
2020
annual
1971  -  2020
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.
percent
99.85
2021
annual
1971  -  2021
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
percent
100.10
2021
annual
1971  -  2021
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
percent
69.11
2021
annual
1971  -  2021
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.
index points
486.999
2022
annual
2003  -  2022
Measure of the 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance on mathematics from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) run by the OECD.
index points
488.604
2022
annual
2000  -  2022
Measure of the 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance on reading from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) run by the OECD.
index points
497.742
2022
annual
2006  -  2022
Measure of the 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance on science from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) run by the OECD.



Globalization indexes
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
points
85.00
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
The overall index of globalization covers the economic, social, and political dimensions of globalization. Higher values denote greater globalization. More information and the original data can be obtained here.
points
81.00
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Economic globalization has two dimensions: actual economic flows and restrictions to trade and capital. The sub-index on actual economic flows includes data on trade, FDI, and portfolio investment. The sub-index on restrictions takes into account hidden import barriers, mean tariff rates, taxes on international trade (as a share of current revenue), and an index of capital controls. More information and the original data can be obtained here.
points
89.00
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
The degree of political globalization is determined by the number of embassies and high commissions in a country, the number of international organizations to which the country is a member, the number of UN peace missions a country participated in, and the number of treaties signed between two or more states. More information and the original data can be obtained here.
points
84.00
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Social globalization has three dimensions: personal contacts, information flows, and cultural proximity. The sub-index on personal contacts includes international telecom traffic, degree of tourism, transfers, foreign population, and number of international letters. The sub-index on information flows includes number of internet users, share of households with a television set, and trade in newspapers. The sub-index on cultural proximity includes trade in books and number of McDonald’s restaurants and Ikea located in a country. More information and the original data can be obtained here.



Shares of world totals
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
0.13
2021
annual
1960  -  2021
The population share of a particular country is measured as its population as percent of the total world population in a given year. Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. The values shown are midyear estimates.
percent
0.29
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
We calculated the world GDP as the sum of the GDP of all countries expressed in current USD. The share of GDP is the GDP of a particular country as percent of the world GDP. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
percent
0.76
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
The share of world exports equals the exports of a particular country as percent of the total exports of all countries around the world. Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
percent
0.75
2021
annual
1990  -  2021
The share of world exports equals the exports of a particular country as percent of the total exports of all countries around the world. Imports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
percent
0.57
2021
annual
1993  -  2021
Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in the reporting economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a resident in one economy having control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares of voting stock is the criterion for determining the existence of a direct investment relationship. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
percent
0.00
2021
annual
1996  -  2021
The share of world oil reserves is calculated as the proven oil reserves of a country as percent of the total proven oil reserves for the world.



Economic structure
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
30.16
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Industry (including construction) corresponds to ISIC divisions 05-43 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 10-33). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 4. Note: For VAB countries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator.
percent
21.38
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Note: For VAB countries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator.
percent
59.75
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99 and they include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3 or 4.
billion USD
99.79
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
billion USD
70.73
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
billion USD
197.69
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3 or 4. Data are in constant 2010 U.S. dollars.
percent
27.96
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Gross savings are calculated as gross national income less total consumption, plus net transfers.
billion USD
95.71
2023
annual
1993  -  2023
Gross savings are calculated as gross national income less total consumption, plus net transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars.



Industry: Diamond production and trade
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
carats
0.00
2004
annual
2004  -  2004
Annual diamond production expressed in carats.
million USD
0.00
2004
annual
2004  -  2004
Annual diamond production expressed in million USD.
USD per carat
0.00
2004
annual
2004  -  2004
The USD value per carat of the diamonds produced in a country.
carats
5.00
2004
annual
2004  -  2004
Diamond exports expressed in carats.
million USD
0.00
2004
annual
2004  -  2004
Diamond exports expressed in million USD.
USD per carat
100.00
2004
annual
2004  -  2004
The USD per carat value of diamond exports.
carats
9067.00
2004
annual
2004  -  2004
Annual diamond imports expressed in carats.
million USD
0.10
2004
annual
2004  -  2004
Diamond imports expressed in million USD.
USD per carat
10.89
2004
annual
2004  -  2004
The USD per carat value of diamond imports.



Tourism
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
thousand tourists
37202
2019
annual
2003  -  2019
International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival.
million USD
3890
2020
annual
2002  -  2020
International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
percent
1.58
2020
annual
2002  -  2020
Receipts from inbound international tourism as percent of GDP.
percent
1.67
2019
annual
2003  -  2019
Percent of total world tourist arrivals that occurred in a given country in a given year.
thousand tourists
2399
2020
annual
2003  -  2020
International outbound tourists are the number of departures that people make from their country of usual residence to any other country for any purpose other than a remunerated activity in the country visited. The data on outbound tourists refer to the number of departures, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips from a country during a given period is counted each time as a new departure.



Crime statistics
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
kidnappings per 100,000 people
0.2
2017
annual
2003  -  2017
Number of kidnappings per 100,000 people per year.
robberies per 100,000 people
15
2017
annual
2003  -  2017
Number of robberies per 100,000 people per year.
prisoners per 100,000 people
209
2017
annual
2003  -  2017
Number of prisoners per 100,000 people.
thefts per 100,000 people
677
2016
annual
2003  -  2016
Number of thefts incidents per 100,000 people per year.
homicides per 100,000 people
0.6
2017
annual
1994  -  2017
Number of homicides per 100,000 people per year.



Religious composition of the population
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
percent
0.0
2013
annual
1992  -  2013
Muslims as percent of the total population.
percent
25.1
2013
annual
1992  -  2013
Christians as percent of the total population.
percent
18.2
2013
annual
1992  -  2013
Catholic Christians as percent of the total population.
percent
1.8
2013
annual
1992  -  2013
Protestant Christians as percent of the total population.
percent
5.0
2013
annual
1992  -  2013
Eastern Orthodox Christians as percent of the total population.
percent
41.8
2013
annual
1992  -  2013
Non religious people as percent of the population.



Fragile state index
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
index points
37.70
2024
annual
2007  -  2024
The Fragile States Index measures the vulnerability in pre-conflict, active conflict and post-conflict situations. The index comprises twelve conflict risk indicators that are used to measure the condition of a state at any given moment: security apparatus, factionalized elites, group grievance, economic decline, uneven economic development, human flight and brain drain, state legitimacy, public services, human rights and rule of law, demographic pressures, refugees and IDPs, and external intervention. The higher the value of the index, the more "fragile" the country is.
index points
1.70
2024
annual
2007  -  2024
The Security apparatus indicator considers the security threats to a state, such as bombings, attacks and battle-related deaths, rebel movements, mutinies, coups, or terrorism. The Security аpparatus also takes into account serious criminal factors, such as organized crime and homicides, and perceived trust of citizens in domestic security. The higher the value of the indicator, the more the threats in the state.
index points
5.30
2024
annual
2007  -  2024
The Factionalized elites indicator considers the fragmentation of state institutions along ethnic, class, clan, racial or religious lines, as well as and brinksmanship and gridlock between ruling elites. The higher the value, the more fragmented are the institutions in the country.
index points
3.70
2024
annual
2007  -  2024
The Group Grievance Indicator focuses on divisions and schisms between different groups in society – particularly divisions based on social or political characteristics – and their role in access to services or resources, and inclusion in the political process. The higher the value of the indicator, the higher the division of the societal groups in the country.
index points
4.50
2024
annual
2007  -  2024
The Economic decline indicator considers factors related to economic decline within a country. For example, the indicator looks at patterns of progressive economic decline of the society as a whole as measured by per capita income, Gross National Product, unemployment rates, inflation, productivity, debt, poverty levels, or business failures. It also takes into account sudden drops in commodity prices, trade revenue, or foreign investment, and any collapse or devaluation of the national currency. The higher the value of the indicator, the greater the economic decline in the country.
index points
1.90
2024
annual
2007  -  2024
The Uneven economic development indicator considers inequality within the economy, irrespective of the actual performance of an economy. The higher the value of the index, the higher the inequality in the country's economy.
index points
3.00
2024
annual
2007  -  2024
The Human flight and brain drain indicator considers the economic impact of human displacement (for economic or political reasons) and the consequences this may have on a country’s development. The higher the index, the greater the human displacement.
index points
3.40
2024
annual
2007  -  2024
The State legitimacy indicator considers the representativeness and openness of government and its relationship with its citizenry. The indicator looks at the population’s level of confidence in state institutions and processes, and assesses the effects where that confidence is absent, manifested through mass public demonstrations, sustained civil disobedience, or the rise of armed insurgencies. The higher the value of the index, the lower the country's legitimacy.
index points
2.60
2024
annual
2007  -  2024
The Public services indicator refers to the presence of basic state functions that serve the people. This may include the provision of essential services, such as health, education, water and sanitation, transport infrastructure, electricity and power, and internet and connectivity. On the other hand, it may include the state’s ability to protect its citizens, such as from terrorism and violence, through perceived effective policing. The higher the value of the indicator, the worse the public services in the country.
index points
1.70
2024
annual
2007  -  2024
The Human rights and rule of law indicator considers the relationship between the state and its population insofar as fundamental human rights are protected and freedoms are observed and respected. The higher the indicator's value, the less protected are the human rights and the rule of law in the country.
index points
2.90
2024
annual
2007  -  2024
The Demographic pressures indicator considers pressures upon the state deriving from the population itself or the environment around it. For example, the indicator measures population pressures related to food supply, access to safe water, and other life-sustaining resources, or health, such as the prevalence of disease and epidemics. The higher the indicator's value, the higher the demographic pressures in the country.
index points
4.00
2024
annual
2007  -  2024
The Refugees and internally displaced persons indicator measures the pressure upon states caused by the forced displacement of large communities as a result of social, political, environmental or other causes, measuring displacement within countries, as well as refugee flows into others. The higher the value of the indicator, the higher the refugee flow in the country.
index points
3.00
2024
annual
2007  -  2024
The External Intervention Indicator considers the influence and impact of external actors in the functioning – particularly security and economic – of a state. The higher the indicator's value, the greater the external interventions in the country.



Military
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
billion USD
4.01
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Military spending includes expenditure on peacekeeping, defense ministries, paramilitary forces, and military space activities. Also: military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions; operations and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid. Defense and current expenditure for past military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and weapon destruction, are not included.
percent
1.36
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Military spending includes expenditure on peacekeeping, defense ministries, paramilitary forces, and military space activities. Also: military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions; operations and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid. Defense and current expenditure for past military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and weapon destruction, are not included.
percent
3.17
2022
annual
1995  -  2022
Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.)
people
27000
2020
annual
1993  -  2020
Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces.
percent
0.50
2020
annual
1993  -  2020
Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces. Labor force comprises all people who meet the International Labour Organization's definition of the economically active population.
million USD
116.00
2022
annual
1993  -  2022
Arms transfers cover the supply of military weapons through sales, aid, gifts, and those made through manufacturing licenses. Data cover major conventional weapons such as aircraft, armored vehicles, artillery, radar systems, missiles, and ships designed for military use. Excluded are transfers of other military equipment such as small arms and light weapons, trucks, small artillery, ammunition, support equipment, technology transfers, and other services. Figures are SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIVs) expressed in US$ m. A '0' indicates that the value of deliveries is less than US$0.5m
dollars
69.00
2022
annual
1995  -  2022
Arms transfers cover the supply of military weapons through sales, aid, gifts, and those made through manufacturing licenses. Data cover major conventional weapons such as aircraft, armored vehicles, artillery, radar systems, missiles, and ships designed for military use. Excluded are transfers of other military equipment such as small arms and light weapons, trucks, small artillery, ammunition, support equipment, technology transfers, and other services. Figures are SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIVs) expressed in US$ m. A '0' indicates that the value of deliveries is less than US$0.5m.



Price level
Measure
Frequency
Latest value
Reference
Time coverage
index points
83.97
2017
annual
2017  -  2017
The cost of living index summarizes the level of prices paid by households and non-profit organizations that provide services to households. It incorporates all goods and services in the average consumption basket with appropriate weights. The data are from the World Bank International Comparison Program.